Articles

Introduction Municipal waste management has become a critical challenge for many developing nations, particularly those experiencing rapid urbanization. Tanzania, one of the fastest-growing economies in East Africa, faces increasing difficulties in managing municipal solid waste (MSW). The expansion of cities such as Dar es Salaam, Unguja (Zanzibar), Mwanza, Arusha, and Dodoma has led to a rise in waste generation, overwhelming the existing waste management infrastructure. According to the World Bank (2022), Tanzania generates an estimated 4.8 million tonnes (over 5,300 tons/day) of municipal solid waste annually, with an expected increase due to population growth and urbanization. Dar es Salaam alone, home to over 6 million people, contributes nearly 40% of the country’s total MSW. However, only 40–50% of the waste is collected and properly disposed of (National Bureau of Statistics, 2023), leaving the remainder to be illegally dumped, openly burned, or left to decompose in the streets and road tunnels. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-stakeholder approach involving national and local governments, private sector players, civil society organizations, and communities. This article explores the key challenges facing municipal waste management in Tanzania and highlights innovative solutions that could help the country achieve its zero-waste aspirations. The Challenges of Municipal Waste Management in Tanzania Inadequate Waste Collection and Disposal Infrastructure. The lack of adequate waste collection and disposal facilities remains one of the most pressing issues in Tanzania. The National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) estimates that over 60% of urban waste is not collected due to limited municipal budgets and inefficient collection systems. In Dar es Salaam, waste collection services are only available in less than 50% of neighborhoods, leaving informal settlements and peri-urban areas with little to no services. A key issue is the reliance on open dumpsites rather than engineered landfills. The Pugu Kinyamwezi (located 35km away from the city center) and Mabwepande Dumpsites, Dar es Salaam’s largest waste disposal sites, have exceeded their operational capacity and pose severe environmental and public health risks. Other cities, including Arusha and Mwanza, face similar issues, where waste is often dumped in uncontrolled areas, increasing soil and water pollution. Limited Funding and Technical Capacity. Waste management is an expensive undertaking that requires significant investment in collection equipment, landfill maintenance, and recycling infrastructure. Municipal councils in Tanzania often lack the necessary financial and technical resources to modernize their waste management systems. • Budget constraints: According to UN-Habitat (2023), less than 10% of municipal budgets in Tanzania are allocated to waste management. Many municipalities depend on donor funding and public-private partnerships to sustain their waste collection services. In some municipalities like Kigoma and Kinondoni, where waste collection and disposal facilities have been funded by donors, maintenance has been a challenge, leading to breakdown. • Lack of equipment: A 2023 study by the Tanzania Urban Resilience Program (TURP) found that most municipalities operate with outdated garbage trucks, leading to frequent breakdowns and inefficiencies. Waste weigh bridges installed at the dump sites in some municipalities are non-functional. Weak Enforcement of Waste Management Regulations. Tanzania has a solid legal framework governing waste management, including the Environmental Management Act (2004), the Plastic Bag Regulations (2019) (which banned single-use plastic bags), and the Solid Waste Management Regulations (2021), among others. However, weak enforcement has undermined these regulations. Illegal dumping and littering remain widespread, and many businesses and households fail to comply with waste separation and disposal guidelines. In some cases, corrupt municipal officials have allowed non-compliant businesses to continue operating without facing legal consequences. And while plastic bags were banned in the country in 2019, they are sadly, slowly, and steadily creeping back. Public Awareness and Behavior Towards Waste Management. Public attitudes toward waste management play a critical role in achieving zero-waste goals. Unfortunately, many Tanzanians lack awareness of proper waste disposal practices. A 2022 survey by Ardhi University found that only 15% of households in urban areas separate their waste before disposal, making recycling efforts difficult. The culture of “dispose and forget” is prevalent, with many people relying on informal waste pickers to handle their trash rather than engaging in waste reduction and segregation efforts. Innovations and Opportunities in Achieving Zero-Waste Goals Despite the challenges, several innovative approaches are being implemented to improve municipal waste management in Tanzania. The Nipe Fagio Zero-Waste Approach. One of the most impactful zero-waste initiatives in Tanzania (even in Africa) is led by Nipe Fagio, a non-profit organization advocating for sustainable waste management. Nipe Fagio’s Zero Waste Model focuses on decentralized waste management (using material recovery facilities (MRF)) instead of relying on large landfills. Nipe Fagio works with communities to establish localized waste management centers (MRFs). They also promote waste separation at the source. Households and businesses are encouraged to separate waste into organic, recyclable, and residual waste, improving recycling efficiency. The model encourages community engagement through clean-up campaigns, waste education, and advocacy, the organization fosters behavioral change among citizens. With pilot projects in Bonyokwa in Ubungo district, Mawasiliano (Ubungo Municipality), Kigamboni District, and Tanga City have already shown positive results, diverting over 80% of collected waste from landfills, significantly reducing pollution, and creating jobs in recycling and composting. Circular Economy and Recycling Innovations. Projects like VOICES, which implements the Circular Economy Challenge Fund (CECF), provide technical and financial support to circular economy businesses in Kigoma region, and companies such as EcoAct Tanzania, and Arena Recycling Industry are turning plastic waste into durable materials like paving blocks, while Kilimanjaro Plastics produces construction materials from recycled plastics. The Chanzi Initiative, Bio Boo, and Lima Africa are other examples where organic waste is transformed into animal feed and organic fertilizer, reducing landfill waste and promoting sustainable agriculture. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Waste Management. Given the financial constraints of municipalities, public-private partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as an effective model for improving waste collection and processing. Green Waste Pro collaborates with municipal authorities to provide door-to-door waste collection services, while Taka Taka Solutions in Arusha integrates waste pickers into formal employment, improving waste separation and recycling efficiency. Zaidi App has a similar model, aiming to map waste hotspots, actors and work with municipal councils to formalize waste picking practices, particularly the recognition of informal waste pickers. Technological Innovations in Waste Processing. Technological advancements are also playing a role in Tanzania’s journey toward zero waste. Companies like SimGas Tanzania promote biogas digesters that convert organic waste into cooking gas and organic fertilizer. Tech innovators like Antidius Kawamala have come up with Digital Waste Banks. The country is also exploring waste-to-energy incineration plants that generate electricity from non-recyclable waste. Recommendations To achieve its zero-waste goals, Tanzania must adopt a holistic and multi-sectoral approach that includes firstly, expanding Nipe Fagio’s Zero-Waste Model to more districts and townships, secondly, the government should strengthen legal enforcement to ensure waste segregation and recycling compliance, thirdly, stakeholders should increase investment in Infrastructure to support waste recycling and upcycling initiatives, and material recovery facilities, and enhancing public awareness through nationwide social behavioral change campaigns, and lastly, formalizing the informal sector by integrating informal waste pickers into municipal waste management systems. Conclusion Tanzania is at a crucial juncture in its waste management journey. While challenges remain, there are clear opportunities for innovation and systemic reform. By scaling up initiatives like Nipe Fagio’s Zero-Waste Model, fostering circular economy solutions and financing, and enhancing community engagement, Tanzania can move closer to a cleaner, greener, and zero-waste future. Now is the time for collective action. Will Tanzania seize the opportunity?

On February 28th, Ghana commemorated the 77th anniversary of the 1948 Christiansborg Crossroad shooting, honoring three ex-servicemen who were killed while petitioning the colonial governor. Amidst solemn flag-raising and wreath-laying ceremonies at the newly created Nationalism Park, the Grameen Foundation, on the same day, embarked on a parallel mission of hope and support for women's development. Defying any anxieties of the moment, the organization launched its new global strategy, "Invest in HER Power," at the PD Center, British Council in Accra. The initiative represents a bold commitment to advancing women's roles, and it signals a steadfast belief in the potential of Ghanaian women. In a climate where reflection on the past mingled with aspirations for the future, Grameen chose to shine a light on resilience, adaptation, and opportunity. The launch wasn't just a strategic presentation; it was a statement. It was an affirmation that even amidst historic commemorations, investment in women remains a vital pathway towards sustainable development. The Senior Director, Global Operations, Alfred Yeboah, articulated the organization's vision with compelling clarity. "We are telling our teams and countries to pick their global strategy and make it local," he explained. This ethos of localization is at the heart of "Invest in HER Power." Recognizing that one size does not fit all, Grameen Foundation supports its country teams in adapting the global framework to the unique realities and needs of their communities. Mr. Yeboah, reflecting on the organization's unwavering commitment, powerfully stated, "In the pursuit of supporting women, we must remember that investing in a woman is not just an act of charity; it's an act of faith in the boundless potential that lies within her." "Invest in HER Power" vision "Invest in HER Power" is more than just a strategy; it's a testament to the enduring power of women and the unwavering commitment of Grameen Foundation. The initiative represents a bold commitment to advancing women's roles, and it signals a steadfast belief in the potential of Ghanaian women. Recognizing that one size does not fit all, Grameen Foundation supports its country teams in adapting the global framework to the unique realities and needs of their communities. The launch also served as a platform to build new relationships, explore areas of social impact fee-for-service opportunities, and seek out new donor relationships who wish to support Grameen's new strategy. Holistic Enhanced Resilience (HER) framework The HER Framework is a five-phased holistic approach aimed at supporting women across various domains—within their homes, communities, and workplaces. This strategy pivots around three signature programs: AccelHERate (Young Women), TogetHER, We Grow (Women Smallholder Farmers), and InvestHER (Women Entrepreneurs). Each program is tailored to address specific needs and challenges faced by women in different sectors, fostering holistic growth and resilience. Collaboration and strategic partnerships The launch event brought together a diverse group of stakeholders, including representatives from government agencies, private sector entities, NGOs, international organizations, and technology service providers. This cross-sector collaboration is crucial to the success of "Invest in HER Power." As Mr. Yeboah emphasized, Grameen Foundation values partnerships and seeks to engage with potential collaborators across various sectors to maximize impact. The launch also highlighted the importance of sustainable funding models. By diversifying its funding sources, Grameen Foundation has built resilience against external shocks and ensured the continuity of its programs. Supporting women for a brighter future Launched on a day of historical significance for Ghana, this initiative embodies hope and resilience, reminding us that investing in women is investing in a brighter future for all. The collaborative spirit and forward-thinking approach showcased at the launch signal a promising path towards sustainable development in Ghana and beyond. The event showcased Grameen’s focus on creating localized strategies to better serve women around the globe. By supporting country teams to tailor the global framework to their communities, Grameen ensures its efforts are effective and impactful. The writer is Science journalist E-mail: prissyof@yahoo.com LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/princellaofosu

As we observe World Wildlife Day, it is essential to recognize the vital role that wildlife plays in maintaining the health of our planet. At Heal Earth, our mission revolves around nurturing a sustainable future, and this day serves as a reminder of our responsibility to protect the incredible diversity of life that shares our world. The Importance of Biodiversity: Biodiversity encompasses the variety of life on Earth, from the smallest microorganisms to the largest mammals. It is crucial for the stability of ecosystems, providing essential services such as clean air, water, and food. Healthy ecosystems also regulate climate, mitigate natural disasters, and support the livelihoods of millions of people around the globe. However, the rapid loss of wildlife due to habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and poaching poses a significant threat to our planet's biodiversity. As environmental leaders and sustainability advocates, we must take action to protect and restore these vital ecosystems. Empowering the Next Generation: At Heal Earth, we believe that the future of our planet lies in the hands of today's youth. Our educational initiatives aim to equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to become advocates for wildlife conservation. Through our interactive curriculum and hands-on workshops, we inspire young minds to explore the wonders of nature and understand the importance of protecting wildlife. Our programs encourage students to engage with real-world environmental challenges, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By nurturing eco-literacy, we empower the next generation to advocate for sustainable practices that benefit both wildlife and human communities. Taking Action Together: Celebrating World Wildlife Day is not just about awareness; it’s about taking action. Here are a few ways you can contribute to wildlife conservation: Educate Yourself and Others: Learn about local wildlife and the challenges they face. Share this knowledge with your community to foster a culture of conservation. Support Conservation Organizations: Partner with or donate to organizations that work to protect wildlife and their habitats. Participate in Local Initiatives: Join community efforts focused on habitat restoration, clean-up events, or wildlife monitoring programs. Advocate for Policy Changes: Support legislation that protects wildlife and promotes sustainable land use. Practice Sustainable Living: Reduce your ecological footprint by making environmentally friendly choices in your daily life. A Call to Action As we celebrate World Wildlife Day, let us remember that each of us has a role to play in preserving our planet's biodiversity. At Heal Earth, we are committed to fostering environmental stewardship and empowering youth to become agents of positive change. Together, we can create a more resilient and equitable world for all living beings. Join us in our mission to nurture a sustainable future, and let's work hand-in-hand to protect the incredible wildlife that enriches our lives and our planet. Together, we can make a difference!

testing article descrption

The Transformative Power of Transdisciplinary Topics in Ocean Literacy By Charu G, Advocate for Ocean Literacy https://www.linkedin.com/in/charucg/ The ocean, vast and mysterious, holds the key to sustaining life on Earth. Yet, despite its profound influence on our climate, resources, and biodiversity, many remain disconnected from its significance—especially those living far from coastal regions. As an advocacy strategist in the field of ocean literacy, I have often pondered: how can we bridge this gap? How do we make the ocean relevant to youth who have never felt the salty spray of waves or walked along a shore? The answer, I believe, lies in embracing transdisciplinary approaches to ocean literacy. By weaving together diverse fields of knowledge and aligning them with youth interests, we can foster a deeper connection to the ocean and inspire action for its protection. ________________________________________ The Need for a Transdisciplinary Approach Ocean literacy, at its core, is about understanding the ocean's influence on us and our influence on the ocean. However, this understanding often remains confined to coastal areas or academic circles. For youth in non-coastal regions, the ocean may seem distant, intangible, and irrelevant. Traditional education methods, which rely heavily on theoretical content, fail to evoke the sense of wonder and urgency needed to engage these students. Herein lies the power of transdisciplinary approaches: they link ocean concepts with familiar and relatable topics, making the abstract tangible and the distant personal. This philosophy was powerfully affirmed by a recent study conducted by the EnviroVision-Youth Crusaders, the research wing of EnviroVision 2050 a pioneering initiative that explored how transdisciplinary topics could enhance ocean literacy among Indian students aged 14–18 residing in the land locked areas. ________________________________________ Key Findings: The Role of Transdisciplinary Topics The EnviroVision study revealed fascinating insights into the interests and motivations of youth living far from the ocean. Through a carefully designed research process, it was found that transdisciplinary topics such as art and design, social media campaigns, and fashion had a profound impact on engaging students. In this study, students were divided into control and experimental groups. While the control group attended traditional sessions, the experimental group participated in workshops that creatively linked ocean literacy concepts to their passions. The results were striking: • Higher Engagement: The experimental group showed significantly higher levels of ocean literacy, as measured through pre- and post-tests. • Relatability: Activities like creating ocean-inspired art, designing social media content, and exploring sustainable fashion made the ocean relevant to their everyday lives. • Empowered Communication: These students were able to creatively apply and share their newfound knowledge, effectively acting as ambassadors for ocean literacy. These findings underscore the importance of meeting youth where they are—aligning educational content with their interests to spark curiosity and commitment. ________________________________________ A Philosophical Reflection on the Approach As I reflect on the success of this research, I am reminded of a simple yet profound truth: education is most effective when it resonates with the learner’s lived experience. In non-coastal regions, the ocean is not an immediate reality, but its themes—beauty, interconnection, sustainability—are universal. Transdisciplinary approaches allow us to communicate these themes in ways that transcend physical geography. Art, for example, is a language that speaks to the soul. By painting coral reefs or designing posters about marine conservation, students connect emotionally to oceanic ecosystems they have never seen. Similarly, the digital realm of social media serves as a bridge, allowing youth to explore global ocean challenges and advocate for solutions, even from landlocked regions. Fashion, often perceived as superficial, becomes a powerful entry point to discuss microplastics, sustainable materials, and the impact of consumer choices on marine environments. In adopting these approaches, we not only teach ocean science but also nurture a sense of stewardship, creativity, and responsibility. ________________________________________ The Broader Implications for Ocean Literacy This research reinforces the transformative potential of transdisciplinary education in addressing one of the greatest challenges of our time: fostering a sustainable relationship with the ocean. It demonstrates that ocean literacy is not merely about imparting facts; it is about cultivating a mindset—an awareness of our interdependence with the ocean and a commitment to its protection. As we move forward, we must scale such approaches to reach more youth, especially in regions where the ocean feels distant. Programs like EnviroVision workshops provide a model for integrating transdisciplinary methods into formal and informal education systems. Moreover, this research opens new doors for collaboration between educators, scientists, artists, and technologists. The ocean is not just a scientific domain; it is a source of inspiration, creativity, and innovation. By embracing its transdisciplinary nature, we can bring its wonders into classrooms, communities, and hearts worldwide. ________________________________________ Conclusion The ocean needs us, and we need the ocean. In a world increasingly defined by its interconnections, ocean literacy must evolve to reflect this complexity. Transdisciplinary topics are not just tools for education—they are pathways to transformation. As an expert and philosopher in this field, I envision a future where every child, regardless of their location, feels a profound connection to the ocean. By aligning ocean literacy with the passions and interests of youth, we can inspire the next generation to be not only informed but also empowered to act as stewards of our blue planet. The EnviroVision2050 research is a testament to this vision. It reminds us that while the ocean’s vastness may seem daunting, its stories can be told in ways that resonate deeply with each of us. It is our duty, as educators and advocates, to tell those stories in every language, through every medium, and for every child—no matter how far they live from the shore. This Research was submitted by the Research wing of EnviroVision2050 , the EnviroVision Youth Crusaders at the 6th MABIK Fair, South Korea and had won Gold award in Nov 2024. https://www.envirovision2050.org/envirovision-journal#h.kdfk8kyx861j Follow for more update: https://www.instagram.com/envirovision2050/?hl=en www.envirovision2050.org

The Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse (Praomys sp.) is an endemic species found in the high-altitude regions of the Gotel Mountains in southeastern Nigeria. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the ecological importance and conservation status of this elusive small mammal, highlighting the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts to ensure its survival. Introduction The Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse is a relatively understudied species within the genus Praomys and the Order Rodentia. The Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse (Praomys obscurus) is a small mammal native to the Gotel Mountains in Nigeria. This species is part of the diverse rodent family Muridae and is distinguished by its unique biological composition and habitat preferences. The Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse has a soft, dense fur that ranges in color from brown to gray, providing camouflage against the forest floor. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males typically larger than females. The mouse has a relatively long tail, which aids in balance and agility, and its hind limbs are adapted for jumping and climbing. Praomys obscurus is omnivorous, with a diet consisting of seeds, fruits, insects, and small invertebrates. This diverse diet allows the species to adapt to varying food availability in its mountainous habitat. The reproductive cycle of the Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse is influenced by environmental conditions. Breeding typically occurs during the wet season when food is in abundance. Females give birth to litters of 2-6 offspring after a gestation period of approximately 21 days. The young are weaned after three weeks and reach sexual maturity at around three months of age. As an ecologically significant species, the Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse plays a vital role in the ecosystem, yet it faces threats that jeopardize its survival. Its distribution is limited to the Gotel Mountains, part of the Southeastern Nigeria, which encompasses a series of mountains extending from the Gulf of Guinea to the Adamawa Plateau. This region is characterized by its unique biodiversity and complex ecosystems, making it a significant area for conservation (Chapman & Chapman, 2001; World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 2020). Distribution The Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse is predominantly found in the montane and submontane forests of the Gotel Mountains in Southeastern Nigeria. These forests, situated at altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 2,400 meters above sea level, provide the necessary habitat conditions for this species. The mouse has been recorded in both primary and secondary forests, indicating some level of adaptability. However, its presence is more frequent in undisturbed habitats, suggesting a preference for pristine environments (Denys, Taylor, & Aplin, 2013; Myers et al., 2000). The limited geographic range of the Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse makes it particularly vulnerable to habitat changes. The Gotel Mountains, though relatively isolated, are subject to various anthropogenic pressures, including deforestation, agricultural expansion, and infrastructure development. These activities have led to habitat fragmentation, posing a significant threat to the species' survival (Nchoutpouen et al., 2019; Laurance et al., 2012). Threats to Survival One of the primary threats to Praomys obscurus is habitat destruction due to deforestation and agricultural expansion. Logging and land conversion for farming have significantly reduced the available habitat, fragmenting populations and making it difficult for the species to thrive. Additionally, climate change poses a significant threat to the Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse by altering its montane habitat. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can affect food availability and the suitability of the environment, potentially leading to population declines. Increased human activity in the region has led to higher predation rates from domestic animals and competition for food resources with other small mammals. This added pressure further threatens the survival of the species. Conservation Status The conservation status of the Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse is currently listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, 2021). This classification highlights the lack of comprehensive data on its population size, distribution, and ecological requirements. Despite this, the known threats to its habitat necessitate immediate conservation action. Studies have indicated a decline in suitable habitats for the Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse. The conversion of montane forests into agricultural land, coupled with logging activities, has resulted in significant habitat loss (Gashaka-Gumti National Park, 2015). Additionally, climate change poses a long-term threat by altering the montane ecosystem, potentially shifting the suitable habitat range for the species (Kluge, Kessler, & Dunn, 2006). Conservation Efforts and Recommendations Effective conservation of the Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse requires a multi-faceted approach. Which include: Establishing protected areas within the Gotel Mountains to protect critical habitats. This requires enforcing existing laws and implementing community-based conservation initiatives to reduce deforestation and habitat fragmentation (Oates, 1999; Laurance et al., 2012). Conducting detailed ecological studies to gather data on the species' population dynamics, habitat preferences, and threats. Long-term monitoring programs will help track changes in population size and habitat quality (McShea & Rappole, 2000; Primack & Corlett, 2010). Involving local communities in conservation efforts through education and sustainable livelihood programs can help mitigate human-induced threats. Promoting alternative source of income can reduce reliance on activities that degrade the mouse's habitat (Oates, 1999). Developing strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on montane ecosystems will be vital. This includes promoting reforestation and afforestation programs to enhance habitat connectivity and resilience (Kingdon, 2015; Myers et al., 2000). Ecological Importance of the Gotel Mountain Soft-furred Mouse The Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse, like many small mammals, plays an important role in the ecosystem. Though often overlooked, these small creatures contribute significantly to the health and functioning of their habitats. Understanding their ecological importance can further underscore the necessity of their conservation. Small mammals, including the Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse, are essential for seed dispersal. By consuming fruits and subsequently excreting the seeds in different locations, these mice aid in the regeneration of forests. This process helps maintain plant diversity and promotes the growth of new vegetation, which is crucial for sustaining the forest ecosystem (Vander Wall, 2010). As burrowers, these mice contribute to soil aeration, which enhances soil health and promotes plant growth. Their digging activities mix the soil layers, facilitating the decomposition of organic matter and the cycling of nutrients. This process helps maintain soil fertility and supports the growth of various plant species (Balesdent et al., 2000). The Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse serves as prey for a variety of predators, including birds of prey, small carnivores, and reptiles. This position in the food web is crucial for maintaining the balance of predator and prey populations. A decline in their numbers could have detrimental effects on the ecosystem, potentially disrupting the populations of their predators (Kingdon, 2015). Due to their sensitivity to environmental changes, small mammals like the Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse can act as indicator species. Changes in their population size and health can provide early warnings of ecological disturbances, such as habitat degradation, climate change, or the presence of pollutants. Monitoring their populations can thus help in assessing the overall health of the ecosystem (Myers et al., 2000). Contribution to Biodiversity Every species, no matter how small, contributes to the biodiversity of its habitat. The Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse is part of the intricate web of life in the Gotel Mountains. Its presence adds to the genetic diversity of the region, which is essential for the resilience of the ecosystem in the face of environmental changes (Primack & Corlett, 2010). This mouse plays a crucial role in seed dispersal and soil aeration through its foraging activities, which in turn support plant regeneration and soil health. Such ecological functions underscore the importance of conserving even the less conspicuous species to maintain the overall health and stability of their ecosystems (Wilson, 2016; Cardinale et al., 2012).). Conclusion The Gotel Mountain soft-furred mouse plays several critical roles in its ecosystem, from seed dispersal and soil aeration to serving as prey for predators and acting as an indicator species. Its conservation is not only important for the survival of the species itself but also for maintaining the health and balance of the montane forest ecosystem in which it resides. Recognizing and protecting the ecological functions of this small mammal can contribute significantly to broader conservation goals. References Balesdent, J., et al. (2000). The dynamics of carbon in particle-size fractions of soil in a forest-cultivation sequence. Plant and Soil, 213(1/2), 39-47. Cardinale, B. J., Duffy, J. E., Gonzalez, A., Hooper, D. U., Perrings, C., Venail, P., ... & Naeem, S. (2012). Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature, 486(7401), 59-67. Chapman, H. M., & Chapman, J. D. (2001). The Forests of Taraba and Adamawa States, Nigeria. An Ecological Account and Plant Species Checklist. University of Canterbury. Denys, C., Taylor, P., & Aplin, K. (2013). Rodents of Sub-Saharan Africa: A biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis. Biodiversity Conservation Handbook. Gashaka-Gumti National Park. (2015). Conservation strategy for Gotel Mountain ecosystem. National Park Service of Nigeria. Happold, D. C. D. (2013). Mammals of Africa (Vol. 3). Bloomsbury Publishing. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2021). Praomys sp. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Accessed 15 July 2024 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (2020). Praomys obscurus. Retrieved from IUCN Red List. Accessed 15 July 2024 Kingdon, J. (1997). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press. Kingdon, J. (2015). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Bloomsbury Publishing. Kluge, J., Kessler, M., & Dunn, R. R. (2006). What drives elevational patterns of diversity? A test of geometric constraints, climate and species pool hypotheses. Oecologia, 148(4), 404-417. Laurance, W. F., et al. (2012). Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas. Nature, 489(7415), 290-294. McShea, W. J., & Rappole, J. H. (2000). Managing the abundance and diversity of breeding bird populations through manipulation of deer populations. Conservation Biology, 14(4), 1161-1170. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A., & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853-858. Nchoutpouen, E., et al. (2019). Montane forest conservation in West Africa: The role of protected areas and community-based conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 28(9), 2425-2443. Oates, J. F. (1999). Myth and Reality in the Rainforest: How Conservation Strategies Are Failing in West Africa. University of California Press. Primack, R. B., & Corlett, R. (2010). Tropical Rain Forests: An Ecological and Biogeographical Comparison. Wiley-Blackwell Vander Wall, S. B. (2010). How plants manipulate the scatter-hoarding behaviour of seed-dispersing animals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1542), 989-997. Wilson, E. O. (2016). Half-Earth: Our Planet's Fight for Life. Liveright Publishing. World Wildlife Fund (WWF). (2020). Cameroon Volcanic Line. Ecoregions.

In a world where stories shape perspectives and inspire action, Ghanaian science storyteller and climate advocate Afia Agyapomaa Ofosu has emerged as a powerful voice for change. She has been named the winner of the Urban Resilience category in the prestigious Resilience in Focus Photo Story Contest, a recognition of her dedication to highlighting the efforts of individuals tackling climate challenges in Africa. Her award-winning piece tells the story of Gifty Avevor, a woman on a mission to combat plastic waste and drive sustainability in urban communities. Through her lens, Afia captures not just the environmental crisis posed by plastic pollution but also the resilience, innovation, and determination of people like Gifty, who refuse to stand by while their communities struggle with waste mismanagement. This award is more than just an accolade—it is a testament to the power of African storytellers in driving climate action. A victory for African voices Afia’s achievement is particularly significant as she was the only female African winner among an elite group of storytellers from across the continent. Alongside four other awardees from Uganda, South Africa, and Ghana, she was honored by the Global Resilience Partnership (GRP) and the Green Africa Youth Organization (GAYO), receiving a $1,000 cash prize in recognition of her outstanding contribution to environmental storytelling. Her win It is a celebration of representation. It underscores the growing influence of African women in climate advocacy and highlights the crucial role that storytelling plays in shaping public perception and policy. For young African storytellers, especially women, Afia’s victory is proof that their voices matter and can drive real change. Storytelling as a catalyst for Climate action The Resilience in Focus Photo Story Contest seeks to amplify the experiences of African communities dealing with climate resilience challenges. It highlights how visual storytelling can bridge the gap between science and society, making environmental issues both accessible and urgent. Afia’s award-winning story is a perfect example of this mission. In her piece, she paints a vivid picture of Gifty Avevor’s fight against plastic pollution, showing how one person’s determination can inspire an entire community. Gifty’s work goes beyond waste collection—it is about changing mindsets, promoting sustainable practices, and proving that small actions can lead to big transformations. On receiving the award, Afia shared her gratitude and reaffirmed her commitment to using storytelling as a tool for change: “I am deeply honored to receive this recognition. This award is not just for me but for every storyteller who dares to shine a light on the issues that matter. Climate change is not a distant threat—it is here, affecting our people, our communities, and our future. Through storytelling, we can move hearts, shift perspectives, and drive action.” “Thank you, GRP and GAYO, for believing in the voices of young African environmental storytellers. This recognition fuels my passion to continue telling the stories that need to be told, stories that inspire solutions and empower communities.” Her words serve as a rallying cry for all those using their voices to fight for a more sustainable world. Inspiring a greener, more resilient Africa For over a decade, Afia Agyapomaa Ofosu has blended science, storytelling, and digital media to create compelling narratives that drive environmental action. Her work makes climate science relatable, ensuring that those most affected by environmental challenges—local communities, policymakers, and young people—can understand and take action. Her storytelling is not just about reporting facts; it is about making people feel the urgency of climate change. By focusing on real people like Gifty Avevor, Afia brings human stories to the forefront, making sustainability a personal and collective responsibility. Her work aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action), but beyond policy frameworks, Afia remains committed to empowering African voices, amplifying indigenous knowledge, and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility. With each story she tells, she reinforces one simple yet powerful truth: change begins with awareness, and awareness begins with storytelling. A legacy in the making Afia Agyapomaa Ofosu’s Resilience in Focus award is not just a personal victory—it is a win for African storytelling, climate action, and the fight for a sustainable future. Her journey proves that stories have the power to reshape our world, and with her unwavering commitment, she is ensuring that Africa’s climate resilience stories are not just told but heard, felt, and acted upon. As she continues to amplify underrepresented voices and bring attention to the most pressing environmental challenges of our time, one thing is clear: Afia is not just telling stories—she is shaping the future.

Mission 300 is a bold initiative launched by the African Development Bank Group, the World Bank Group, and other development partners to provide electricity to 300 million additional Africans by 2030 (AfDB, 2024). This is a massive step toward energy access and economic development, but are we thinking big enough? Could the way this initiative is framed limit its true potential? Framing the Opportunity: Beyond 300 Million Providing electricity to 300 million Africans is a monumental goal—but let’s put it in perspective: - According to the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2023), 600 million Africans still lack electricity (IEA Africa Energy Outlook 2023). Even if Mission 300 succeeds, half of them would still be left behind. - Universal electrification isn’t just about infrastructure; it’s about economic transformation, industrial growth, and regional integration. - The biggest question is not whether 300 million is enough—but why stop there? Instead of seeing Mission 300 as a final destination, we should view it as a launchpad for universal access. This initiative should set the stage for broader policies, investments, and innovations that ensure electricity reaches every African—not just some. The Language Barrier: A Hidden Obstacle to Progress One major issue limiting effective collaboration, investment, and knowledge-sharing in Africa’s energy sector is language. Africa’s linguistic diversity—while a strength in culture and heritage—also creates silos when it comes to policy implementation and investment. Consider these challenges: - Many energy policies, financing models, and technical reports are only available in one or two languages, excluding key decision-makers. - Global investors, governments, and local businesses struggle to communicate effectively, slowing down projects. - Training programs for technicians, entrepreneurs, and engineers often favor English or French speakers, leaving out thousands of potential contributors. If we want Mission 300—and Africa’s energy future—to be truly inclusive, we must address these language barriers. Solutions: How We Can Break Down Barriers and Scale Up Impact 🔹 Multilingual Knowledge-Sharing: Key documents, policies, and technical manuals should be translated into English, French, Arabic, Portuguese, and major African languages. 🔹 Cross-Language Energy Partnerships: Regional power pools and energy investment programs should actively integrate diverse linguistic regions, ensuring no country is left behind. 🔹 AI-Powered Translation for Energy Policy: Technology can help bridge gaps by offering real-time translation for government discussions, investor pitches, and training programs. 🔹 Local-Language Energy Education: Training programs for solar technicians, grid operators, and energy entrepreneurs should be accessible in multiple languages to expand Africa’s skilled workforce. A Call to Dream Bigger Mission 300 is not just about electricity—it’s about unlocking Africa’s full potential. But why stop at 300 million when we have the chance to reach every African? Why let language barriers slow us down when we have the tools to bridge them? This is our moment to think bigger, collaborate better, and push boundaries. Africa’s future isn’t limited by infrastructure—it’s limited only by how boldly we dare to dream. Who’s ready to go beyond 300 million? 🚀 #Mission300 #ThinkBig #EnergyForAfrica #BreakingBarriers #UniversalAccess Sources: • African Development Bank (AfDB), "Mission 300 Initiative," 2024. https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases • International Energy Agency (IEA), "Africa Energy Outlook 2023." https://www.iea.org/reports/africa-energy-outlook-2023

A few weeks ago, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) held its Innovation Day at the World Future Energy Summit (WFES) in Abu Dhabi, under the theme "Digital Solutions for the Energy Transition". One of the key discussions focused on the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in energy systems management, with an ambitious goal: to triple the use of renewable energy by 2030. AI: A Catalyst for Energy Transition Artificial Intelligence plays a crucial role in this transition by optimizing energy production, distribution, and consumption. Recent advances, such as the development of more eco-friendly AI models like DeepSeek, are helping to reduce the environmental footprint of digital technologies. The benefits are numerous: ✅ Optimization of power grids through smart grids and predictive AI. ✅ Reduction of energy losses by balancing supply and demand in real-time. ✅ Improved energy efficiency in buildings and industries through intelligent systems. ✅ Faster storage and integration of renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Africa: A Key Player in the Green Energy Revolution Despite these advancements, Sub-Saharan Africa faces major challenges in its energy transition, including a lack of infrastructure, limited funding, and restricted access to digital technologies However, initiatives like Mission 300 aim to bridge this gap and drive the continent’s energy sector forward. Africa holds exceptional potential for renewable energy development: 🔆 Abundant sunlight, making large-scale solar power expansion feasible. 💨 Strong wind resources in North and East Africa, ideal for wind energy. 🌊 Significant hydropower potential in the Congo Basin and West Africa. 🌱 Rich biomass reserves, providing a sustainable local energy source. A Sustainable and Inclusive Future The adoption of digital technologies in the energy sector will make grids more resilient, flexible, and adaptable to growing demands. However, for this transition to be truly impactful, it must be inclusive and tailored to the realities of Global South countries. 🌍 By combining technological innovation, strong policy commitment, and major investments, Africa has the potential to become a global leader in renewable energy, creating new economic opportunities and a more sustainable environment for all. The time for action is now!

---$50 billion committed to African energy sector !--- The energy sector in Africa faces many challenges that hinder its development and efficiency. Among the main problems are limited access to electricity for a large part of the population, insufficient and aging infrastructure, as well as a heavy dependence on fossil fuels. In addition, investments remain insufficient, slowing down the transition to renewable energy sources that are abundant on the continent. These difficulties limit economic growth and the well-being of populations, making it urgent to implement sustainable solutions adapted to local realities. In view of these many challenges, a summit was held in DAR ES SALAAM in Tanzania and brought together around 30 African heads of state to discuss the challenges of the African energy sector. Indeed, more than 600 million people in Africa are deprived of electricity in Africa and this is proving to be a major hindrance in terms of economic development. At this summit, the decision to bridge this glaring gap was taken to supply electricity to half of the 600 million by 2030. All the States present as well as the other stakeholders committed to doing everything possible to take the African energy sector to a higher level. All are attacking this project called mission 300 and there are several partners, namely banks, private investors, philanthropists and governments committed to raising the necessary funds and preparing the ground to promote the growth of the energy sector. It is 50 billion dollars that have been decided as the financing budget for mission 300! “Twelve countries – Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, and Zambia – have presented detailed national energy compacts that set targets to expand access to electricity, increase the use of renewable energy, and attract additional private capital. These country-specific plans are time-bound, data-driven, endorsed at the highest level, and focus on affordable electricity generation, expanding connections, and regional integration. They aim to increase utility efficiency and develop clean cooking solutions. By deploying electronic and satellite mapping technologies, these compacts identify the most cost-effective solutions to bring electricity to underserved areas. » Implementing the National Energy Compacts will require political will, long-term vision and the full support of Mission 300 partners. Governments are leading the way through comprehensive reforms, complemented by increased concessional financing and strategic partnerships with philanthropic organizations and development banks to catalyze increased private sector investment. To this end, during this summit, colossal funds were raised! The African Development Bank Group and the World Bank Group plan to allocate $48 billion in financing for Mission 300 through 2030, an amount that could evolve depending on implementation needs Agence Française de Développement (AFD): €1 billion to support energy access in Africa Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB): $1 to $1.5 billion to support Mission 300 Islamic Development Bank Group (IsDB): $2.65 billion to support Mission 300 and energy access in Africa from 2025 to 2030 OPEC Fund: $1 billion to support Mission 300 and energy access in Africa In addition, the World Bank and the African Development Bank plan to launch a large-scale investment project to finance private sector projects such as mini-grids renewables and solar home systems! By combining government reforms, increased financing and public-private partnerships, African countries are able to turn their plans into action, delivering tangible benefits to millions of people!

During the Mission 300 Africa Energy Summit the UK's Special Representative for Climate Rachel Kyte; described how the country is strengthening its ties with African countries and multilateral organizations in order to address the climate crisis, promote growth, and advance the clean energy revolution. UK Investment Africa Minister Lord Collins announced that millions more people in Africa will have access to clean power through its various programs. In order to expand on previous initiatives between the UK and African partners to provide clean, dependable power to millions of people throughout the continent, the UK has contributed £8.5 million to the African Development Bank's Sustainable Energy Fund for Africa (SEFA). Allowing the private sector to invest in energy efficiency and clean cooking initiatives, among other renewable energy projects. Through the development of solar-powered mini-grids in rural communities and the provision of technical assistance for large-scale renewable energy projects, the support—which will be provided as part of the UK's Africa Regional Climate and Nature Programme (ARCAN)—will improve energy efficiency and hasten the adoption of renewable energy. The Mission 300 Africa Energy Summit was attended by Rachel Kyte, the UK's Special Representative for Climate who said: “Reliable, affordable and clean energy is the cornerstone of economic growth and development. Clean energy, through modern grids and distributed renewable energy offers an opportunity for inclusive growth. Helping end energy poverty supports growth, builds resilience and puts countries on a pathway that helps our common challenge of fighting climate change.  The UK is working with partners across Africa to connect millions of people in the region with cleaner and more efficient power. That is why I’m pleased to be at this summit, supporting Mission 300 and reaffirming our commitment to our shared sustainable development goals especially in Africa.” The following remarks were made by the Minister for Africa Lord Collins of Highbury on the Summit. “The UK has set a landmark goal to be the first major economy to deliver clean power by 2030, and through our Plan for Change we’ll harness technology to transform the UK into a clean energy superpower. We want to leverage this ambition with our African partners to power green growth, eradicate poverty and tackle climate change. Connecting the continent to clean, reliable energy is vital, and UK support is helping ensure millions are getting the access they need to prosper through planet-friendly solutions. This will also allow us to deepen our partnerships across Africa, sharing expertise, finance and innovation.”

As I reflect on 2024, I’m overwhelmed with gratitude for the incredible opportunities, collaborations, and milestones that shaped my journey. While this post captures just some of the many things I had the privilege to be part of, each moment added to a transformative year. 🌍 Advancing Africa’s Future From attending the Pan-African Youth Forum in Oran, Algeria, to participating in the African Feminist Macroeconomics Academy in Tanzania, I witnessed how young leaders are reshaping Africa’s narrative. These platforms reinforced the importance of feminist and inclusive approaches to development. 🗽 Global Platforms for Change At the UN High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) in New York, I joined critical dialogues on sustainable development and gender equality, speaking alongside esteemed global leaders. Whether at the UN Headquarters or the VNR Lab, one thing was clear: youth are not just the future, we are the now. 📚 Championing Learning and Inclusion This year, I also contributed to the 10th Session of Africa Regional Forum on Sustainable Development in Addis Ababa, where we explored strategies to localize SDGs and empower communities. These discussions reminded me of the work still needed to close gaps in governance and development. 📢 Amplifying Voices Through Media Being featured in the BBC allowed me to share my perspectives on legacies, intergenerational learning, and the need for honest reflection in shaping the future. Advocacy through storytelling remains at the heart of my work. 2024 was a year of purpose, challenges, and growth. These highlights are just a glimpse of the work I’ve been fortunate to contribute to. Here’s to 2025, a year to push boundaries, and drive even greater impact. My sincerest gratitude to United Nations Foundation and Our Future Agenda Harshani Dharmadasa Bojan Francuz Inés Yábar Lewis Broadway.

In recognition of the formalization of the Dar es Salaam declaration, at Mission 300, and aligning with statements supporting the UK’s committment to supporting Tanzania’s development agenda and Tanzania’s Vision 2050- on Key areas of focus including catalytic financing for energy, agriculture, manufacturing, and digital access, which are crucial for creating sustainable job opportunities for Tanzanian youth and driving long-term economic growth. It’s such an honor and privilege to drive and support the formation of CSET In Tanzania as the first out of 56 countries. I can clearly remember the enthusiasm of the network before it was established in Kigali three years ago, showcasing the Energy Literacy books and CSET Agenda- energy professionals came together and exchanged ideas based on their common goal by 2030 to achieve the universal goal on clean energy- SDG7 in its entirety. As an advocate of investment in clean energy solutions to achieve net zero, I believe sustainable impact can be achieved through investing in the ideas of people to advance emerging technologies and develop clean energy solutions advocacy through platforms such as Greenorum. Supporting the move towards digitalization and increasing access to opportunities for young professionals. I’m excited to watch how renewable energy can change people’s lives in the years to come. Seeing the power of innovation, the usage of solar panels to generate electricity and pump water through irrigation systems in the villages. Seeing the direct impact of clean energy on the economic development of women and the efficient use of time for women, through the usage of gas stoves in turn reduce the effects of forest degradation. #GoFarGoTogether “Clean energy transforms lives!” – Delicia Mwanyika, Youth Climate Activist and Head of the Commonwealth Sustainable Energy Youth Action Tanzania @csetyouthtz, is leading efforts to inspire change. As the UK and Tanzania work together to empower youth and invest in clean energy, the #AfricaEnergySummit highlights the power of collaboration for a net-zero future. 🌍🌱 #GoFarGoTogether #PoweringAfrica #YouthForClimate https://www.instagram.com/share/BANxtzP07x

When I was working on my master’s research, I explored the key drivers and barriers to adopting biomass briquettes as an alternative energy source in Tanzania. It was eye-opening. What drives people toward briquettes? Affordability, the fact that raw materials are available locally, and growing awareness of how harmful traditional fuels like charcoal and firewood can be. But then there are the barriers: limited financing options, weak policy support, and the challenge of getting people to shift from what they know and are used to. Now, as I follow the work being done through the Mission 300 Africa Energy Summit, I can’t help but think about how these challenges, and opportunities are not just local. Across Africa, 600 million people still rely on harmful cooking fuels, and it’s clear that tackling this requires more than just innovation. We need strong policies, better financing options, and solutions that fit the realities of everyday people. I believe the conversations happening at the Summit are critical in enabling accessibility to Electricity power and Clean cooking energy solutions. Together, we can create scalable and affordable clean energy options like biomass briquettes, empowering communities and protecting our environment at the same time. This isn’t just about energy, it’s about health, sustainability, and giving families a chance at a cleaner, safer way of life. #CleanCooking #SustainableEnergyForAll #AfricaEnergySummit #ClimateAction #nishatisafiyakupikia #nishatiecobriquettes #sdg7 #Mission300

Last week has been the most promising as the first ever, biennial transparenc report was submitted by 90 countries through Enhanced Transparency Framework. The report mentions that the countries are underscoring in performance to the goals of Paris Agreement. For those of you, who are new the Paris Agreement and Article 6.4, a quick know around to you is that BTRs are central to the climate ambition cycle, tracking progress on national climate plans (known as nationally determined contributions or NDCs), fostering trust among Parties, identifying support needs and preparing countries for the next round of NDCs in February 2025. For the associated sectoral entities the outcomes are as after following the review of BTRs, the ETF’s multilateral phase – known as Facilitative Multilateral Consideration of Progress (FMCP) – which will encourage Parties to share experiences, successes, challenges and insights in implementing the Paris Agreement, driving global cooperation to deliver climate action and support. The link of the publication is : https://engage.iucn.org/group/climate-change/discussion/first-biennial-transparency-report-submitted-through-enhanced If you want to get to know more, please check through the following link : https://unfccc.int/first-biennial-transparency-reports https://unfccc.int/news/90-parties-submit-first-biennial-transparency-r…

The Transformative Power of Transdisciplinary Topics in Ocean Literacy By Charu G, Advocate for Ocean Literacy https://www.linkedin.com/in/charucg/ The ocean, vast and mysterious, holds the key to sustaining life on Earth. Yet, despite its profound influence on our climate, resources, and biodiversity, many remain disconnected from its significance—especially those living far from coastal regions. As an advocacy strategist in the field of ocean literacy, I have often pondered: how can we bridge this gap? How do we make the ocean relevant to youth who have never felt the salty spray of waves or walked along a shore? The answer, I believe, lies in embracing transdisciplinary approaches to ocean literacy. By weaving together diverse fields of knowledge and aligning them with youth interests, we can foster a deeper connection to the ocean and inspire action for its protection. ________________________________________ The Need for a Transdisciplinary Approach Ocean literacy, at its core, is about understanding the ocean's influence on us and our influence on the ocean. However, this understanding often remains confined to coastal areas or academic circles. For youth in non-coastal regions, the ocean may seem distant, intangible, and irrelevant. Traditional education methods, which rely heavily on theoretical content, fail to evoke the sense of wonder and urgency needed to engage these students. Herein lies the power of transdisciplinary approaches: they link ocean concepts with familiar and relatable topics, making the abstract tangible and the distant personal. This philosophy was powerfully affirmed by a recent study conducted by the EnviroVision-Youth Crusaders, the research wing of EnviroVision 2050 a pioneering initiative that explored how transdisciplinary topics could enhance ocean literacy among Indian students aged 14–18 residing in the land locked areas. ________________________________________ Key Findings: The Role of Transdisciplinary Topics The EnviroVision study revealed fascinating insights into the interests and motivations of youth living far from the ocean. Through a carefully designed research process, it was found that transdisciplinary topics such as art and design, social media campaigns, and fashion had a profound impact on engaging students. In this study, students were divided into control and experimental groups. While the control group attended traditional sessions, the experimental group participated in workshops that creatively linked ocean literacy concepts to their passions. The results were striking: • Higher Engagement: The experimental group showed significantly higher levels of ocean literacy, as measured through pre- and post-tests. • Relatability: Activities like creating ocean-inspired art, designing social media content, and exploring sustainable fashion made the ocean relevant to their everyday lives. • Empowered Communication: These students were able to creatively apply and share their newfound knowledge, effectively acting as ambassadors for ocean literacy. These findings underscore the importance of meeting youth where they are—aligning educational content with their interests to spark curiosity and commitment. ________________________________________ A Philosophical Reflection on the Approach As I reflect on the success of this research, I am reminded of a simple yet profound truth: education is most effective when it resonates with the learner’s lived experience. In non-coastal regions, the ocean is not an immediate reality, but its themes—beauty, interconnection, sustainability—are universal. Transdisciplinary approaches allow us to communicate these themes in ways that transcend physical geography. Art, for example, is a language that speaks to the soul. By painting coral reefs or designing posters about marine conservation, students connect emotionally to oceanic ecosystems they have never seen. Similarly, the digital realm of social media serves as a bridge, allowing youth to explore global ocean challenges and advocate for solutions, even from landlocked regions. Fashion, often perceived as superficial, becomes a powerful entry point to discuss microplastics, sustainable materials, and the impact of consumer choices on marine environments. In adopting these approaches, we not only teach ocean science but also nurture a sense of stewardship, creativity, and responsibility. ________________________________________ The Broader Implications for Ocean Literacy This research reinforces the transformative potential of transdisciplinary education in addressing one of the greatest challenges of our time: fostering a sustainable relationship with the ocean. It demonstrates that ocean literacy is not merely about imparting facts; it is about cultivating a mindset—an awareness of our interdependence with the ocean and a commitment to its protection. As we move forward, we must scale such approaches to reach more youth, especially in regions where the ocean feels distant. Programs like EnviroVision workshops provide a model for integrating transdisciplinary methods into formal and informal education systems. Moreover, this research opens new doors for collaboration between educators, scientists, artists, and technologists. The ocean is not just a scientific domain; it is a source of inspiration, creativity, and innovation. By embracing its transdisciplinary nature, we can bring its wonders into classrooms, communities, and hearts worldwide. ________________________________________ Conclusion The ocean needs us, and we need the ocean. In a world increasingly defined by its interconnections, ocean literacy must evolve to reflect this complexity. Transdisciplinary topics are not just tools for education—they are pathways to transformation. As an expert and philosopher in this field, I envision a future where every child, regardless of their location, feels a profound connection to the ocean. By aligning ocean literacy with the passions and interests of youth, we can inspire the next generation to be not only informed but also empowered to act as stewards of our blue planet. The EnviroVision2050 research is a testament to this vision. It reminds us that while the ocean’s vastness may seem daunting, its stories can be told in ways that resonate deeply with each of us. It is our duty, as educators and advocates, to tell those stories in every language, through every medium, and for every child—no matter how far they live from the shore. This Research was submitted by the Research wing of EnviroVision2050 , the EnviroVision Youth Crusaders at the 6th MABIK Fair, South Korea and had won Gold award in Nov 2024. https://www.envirovision2050.org/envirovision-journal#h.kdfk8kyx861j Follow for more update: https://www.instagram.com/envirovision2050/?hl=en www.envirovision2050.org

The Transformative Power of Transdisciplinary Topics in Ocean Literacy By Charu G, Advocate for Ocean Literacy The ocean, vast and mysterious, holds the key to sustaining life on Earth. Yet, despite its profound influence on our climate, resources, and biodiversity, many remain disconnected from its significance—especially those living far from coastal regions. As an advocacy strategist in the field of ocean literacy, I have often pondered: how can we bridge this gap? How do we make the ocean relevant to youth who have never felt the salty spray of waves or walked along a shore? The answer, I believe, lies in embracing transdisciplinary approaches to ocean literacy. By weaving together diverse fields of knowledge and aligning them with youth interests, we can foster a deeper connection to the ocean and inspire action for its protection. ________________________________________ The Need for a Transdisciplinary Approach Ocean literacy, at its core, is about understanding the ocean's influence on us and our influence on the ocean. However, this understanding often remains confined to coastal areas or academic circles. For youth in non-coastal regions, the ocean may seem distant, intangible, and irrelevant. Traditional education methods, which rely heavily on theoretical content, fail to evoke the sense of wonder and urgency needed to engage these students. Herein lies the power of transdisciplinary approaches: they link ocean concepts with familiar and relatable topics, making the abstract tangible and the distant personal. This philosophy was powerfully affirmed by a recent study conducted by the EnviroVision-Youth Crusaders, the research wing of EnviroVision 2050 a pioneering initiative that explored how transdisciplinary topics could enhance ocean literacy among Indian students aged 14–18 residing in the land locked areas. ________________________________________ Key Findings: The Role of Transdisciplinary Topics The EnviroVision study revealed fascinating insights into the interests and motivations of youth living far from the ocean. Through a carefully designed research process, it was found that transdisciplinary topics such as art and design, social media campaigns, and fashion had a profound impact on engaging students. In this study, students were divided into control and experimental groups. While the control group attended traditional sessions, the experimental group participated in workshops that creatively linked ocean literacy concepts to their passions. The results were striking: • Higher Engagement: The experimental group showed significantly higher levels of ocean literacy, as measured through pre- and post-tests. • Relatability: Activities like creating ocean-inspired art, designing social media content, and exploring sustainable fashion made the ocean relevant to their everyday lives. • Empowered Communication: These students were able to creatively apply and share their newfound knowledge, effectively acting as ambassadors for ocean literacy. These findings underscore the importance of meeting youth where they are—aligning educational content with their interests to spark curiosity and commitment. ________________________________________ A Philosophical Reflection on the Approach As I reflect on the success of this research, I am reminded of a simple yet profound truth: education is most effective when it resonates with the learner’s lived experience. In non-coastal regions, the ocean is not an immediate reality, but its themes—beauty, interconnection, sustainability—are universal. Transdisciplinary approaches allow us to communicate these themes in ways that transcend physical geography. Art, for example, is a language that speaks to the soul. By painting coral reefs or designing posters about marine conservation, students connect emotionally to oceanic ecosystems they have never seen. Similarly, the digital realm of social media serves as a bridge, allowing youth to explore global ocean challenges and advocate for solutions, even from landlocked regions. Fashion, often perceived as superficial, becomes a powerful entry point to discuss microplastics, sustainable materials, and the impact of consumer choices on marine environments. In adopting these approaches, we not only teach ocean science but also nurture a sense of stewardship, creativity, and responsibility. ________________________________________ The Broader Implications for Ocean Literacy This research reinforces the transformative potential of transdisciplinary education in addressing one of the greatest challenges of our time: fostering a sustainable relationship with the ocean. It demonstrates that ocean literacy is not merely about imparting facts; it is about cultivating a mindset—an awareness of our interdependence with the ocean and a commitment to its protection. As we move forward, we must scale such approaches to reach more youth, especially in regions where the ocean feels distant. Programs like EnviroVision workshops provide a model for integrating transdisciplinary methods into formal and informal education systems. Moreover, this research opens new doors for collaboration between educators, scientists, artists, and technologists. The ocean is not just a scientific domain; it is a source of inspiration, creativity, and innovation. By embracing its transdisciplinary nature, we can bring its wonders into classrooms, communities, and hearts worldwide. ________________________________________ Conclusion The ocean needs us, and we need the ocean. In a world increasingly defined by its interconnections, ocean literacy must evolve to reflect this complexity. Transdisciplinary topics are not just tools for education—they are pathways to transformation. As an expert and philosopher in this field, I envision a future where every child, regardless of their location, feels a profound connection to the ocean. By aligning ocean literacy with the passions and interests of youth, we can inspire the next generation to be not only informed but also empowered to act as stewards of our blue planet. The EnviroVision2050 research is a testament to this vision. It reminds us that while the ocean’s vastness may seem daunting, its stories can be told in ways that resonate deeply with each of us. It is our duty, as educators and advocates, to tell those stories in every language, through every medium, and for every child—no matter how far they live from the shore. This Research was submitted by EnviroVision2050 Research wing- Envirovision Youth Crusader in the 6th MABIK Fair, South Korea and had won Gold award in Nov 2024. https://www.envirovision2050.org/envirovision-journal#h.kdfk8kyx861j

The Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market last year in 2024 approved three methodologies for issuing high integrity carbon credits for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD+) which includes : • (ART) The REDD+ Environmental Excellence Standard (TREES) v2.0, TREES Crediting Level • (VCS) VM0048 Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation v1.0 • (VCS) Jurisdictional and Nested REDD+ (JNR) Framework v4.1 These approved methodologies were due to start issuing soon REDD+ credits expected to be labelled with the CCP label from early 2025. But Hold on ……..the integrity of REDD+ is under questionable lens. But why ? The three approved methodologies could produce large volumes of over credits and that's a big carbon market integrity, transparency and ethical best practices shame. With two ICVCM expert advisors resigning from their position over the issue by what they called a “problematic precedent” set with the REDD+ decision the carbon markets are upwardly shaken. " When integrity is at risk and becomes questionable, legends resign" This article was published by me for IUCN as a IUCN Commission in Chair. The link of it is : https://engage.iucn.org/group/climate-change/topic/carbon-markets-integrity-questionable-well Any further updates on the methodologies can be checked at the link : https://www.climatechangenews.com/2024/12/13/experts-quit-carbon-market-watchdog-in-row-over-quality-label-for-forest-credits/

Every measure taken to mitigate climate change impacts has a direct reflection on all the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Climate change action does not help achieve goal f SDGs ie: Climate change action but also helps in accelerating goal 1 ie: no poverty by providing equal access to the means and products with universal rights of equality and distribution of resources where even the vulnerable, marginalized and indigenous rights are taken care of. If climate-related impacts are reduced, communities across the geographies get the opportunity to improve their living. Goal 2 No hunger, where the resources are produced and meets the needs of present without compromising future risks by progressive and strategic distribution of resources. Goal 3: good health and wellbeing where there is universal access to treatment and diagnosis. Impacts of greenhouse gases emissions causes severe respiratory and other climate induced comobilities. Goal 4 : Quality Education : if the impacts of climate are mitigated, there will be a safe places where everyone has a universal right for quality education which provides employment opportunities and reduces economic disparities. Goal 5: Gender equality; impacts of climate are most often visible across the women and they are more vulnerable however the mitigation considers uniform share of actions where the opportunities strengthens gender equality. Goal 6 of clean and safe water. Goal 7 clean and green energy where renewables take the edge over fossil fuels. Goal 8: economic growth and employment. Goal 9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure, goal 10: reduced inequalities, goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, Goal 12: Responsible production and consumption. Goal 13: Climate Action, Goal 14: life below water, Goal 15: life on land, Goal 16 : peace, justice and institutions and Goal 17 : Partnership for Goals. Countries across the geographies now have to embrace regulatory locally determined contributions (LDCs) much prior to NDCs commitments. Targets set are not always achieved as they are procedural preparedness but not policy and regulatory responsibility. So, when countries as part of their global stocktake process update their NDCs early next year in 2025, they need to prepare a procedural requirement for regions and states within their countries and commit for its incorporation in global stocktake by as early by 2027. Hollow commitments and targets are a trap for non-negotiation making developed countries to further upscale their development efforts putting the burden on the LIDs, SIDs and developing countries. At the governance level consensus has to made by the annexe and non-annexe countries to come up with process, procedures and modalities of setting LDCs as a separate regulatory document which local states and regions need to submit it at the national level and then all these needs to be cumulatively assessed and made into NDCs. This conduce was aimed at placing simple yet rational points for the decision and policy makers to heed through in their thinking towards implementation of penetrative mitigation actions which are viable and visible. Policies fail as we do not implement nor work strategically in processed approach for meetings it. So sit across and implement and not develop standardized procedural rulebook which entities and Communities do not support.

Climate change, Sustainability and Renewables is an evolving landscape where the practitioners are constantly hard pressed with mitigating the challenges and creating opportunities for the people and planet. We are in a conjunction where our leap towards inactions has a direct bearing on our future sustenance curtailing climate risks and its associated upheavals. Other than technology enabling solutions, the foremost prerequisite for resolving climate conflicts and crisis is stakeholder collaboration and strong core competencies on the large of stakeholders to steer it to tangible solutions. In lieu, of this fact, with an professional expertise of 17 years in climate and environmental services, as a technical lead specialist working on policies, procedures and modalities I wish to propose on a mutually agreeable terms and conditions, a business value preposition to collaborate on working on varied verticals of climate change action, carbon markets, sustainability disclosures best practices and upscaling of renewable energy markets. I have sound expertise in mapping policies and actions including standard setting for UNFCCC, GRI, SBTi, TCFD, CDP, SASB, UNEP, IUCN, UNDP and NbS. Request for the relevant stakeholders you are interested in having open consultations, webinars and professional training including business partnerships to contact me @ prachiugle@gmail.com

BACKGROUND As the curtains for the COP 16, Cali, Colombia culminated on 1st November 2024, with the Summit starting from 21st October to 1st November 2024, there is a lot to be addressed from the deliberations. The theme for this year's biodiversity summit was "Peace With Nature". From the landmark launch of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) which was a strategic plan to guide biodiversity action and policy, and to halt and reverse biodiversity loss two years back adopted as a resounding resolution for implementation in 2023, the avenues are writ open for leveraging huge market based preposition to avail perceived monetary benefits from conservation efforts. The framework supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and builds on the Convention’s previous Strategic Plans, and sets out an ambitious pathway to reach the global vision of a world living in harmony with nature by 2050 as per the CBD (Convention on Biodiversity). Among the framework’s key elements for achieving are 4 goals for 2050 and 23 targets for 2030. The GBF was being upscaled as a key element towards building national biodiversity strategies and plans during the course of the summit. The summit had the flavour of conservation, indigenous people and rights and their role in conservation, methodological assessment and tools for implementation of biodiversity conservation best practices and relevance of capacity building and knowledge transfer in strengthening conservation efforts. SESSION KNOW HOW'S COP 16, Cali Summit marked its resounding opening on 21st October 2024 joined by the best of conservationists, practitioners, international scientific bodies and councils, standards setters and preparers, ecologists, civil societies,academicians, NGO groups, observer parties to the Conference of Parties and UNFCCC, IUCN leadership and UNEP thought leaders. The summit included the business as usual plenary sessions and the working group I and II meetings to draft process and procedures and for passing it as resolution for implementation drawing consensus from the working group members. The most sought after plenary sessions which provided the edge to leverage consensus on conservation policies and tools amongst the stakeholders were as follows: • Programme of work on Article 8(j) and other provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity related to indigenous peoples and local communities to 2030. Institutional arrangements for the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples and local communities in the work undertaken under the Convention on Biological Diversity. • Role of people of African descent, comprising [collectives] embodying traditional lifestyles in the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. • Upscaling progress in efforts and work on ecologically or biologically significant marine areas. • Mainstreaming of biodiversity within and across sectors. • Biodiversity and health benefits- Good Health and wellbeing. • Matters related to the work programme of the Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. • Scientific and technical needs to support the implementation of the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. • Capacity-building and development, technical and scientific cooperation and technology transfer • The role of languages in the intergenerational transmission of traditional knowledge, innovations and practices • Conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal biodiversity and ofisland biodiversity. • Liability and redress (Article 14, paragraph 2) • Methodological Assessment Report on the Diverse Values and Valuation of Nature of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and their implications for the work undertaken under the Convention. I • mplementation: progress in national target setting and updating of national biodiversity strategies and action plans. Monitoring framework for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Cooperation with other conventions and international organizations. Mechanisms for planning, monitoring, reporting and review, including the global review of collective progress in the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to be conducted at the seventeenth and nineteenth meetings of the Conference of the Parties. Other than the intended plenary sessions, the working group I and II meetings were deliberated to draft process, procedures and implementation modalities and accordingly resolution were passed paving way for the next year COP 17 plan of action and strategies to act eking lessons from the agenda and various targets set across for the convention. Nagoya protocol, Aichi targets and biosafety also were the noteworthy discussions deliberated for action plan setting. LEARNING AND WAY FORWARD COP 16 takeaway learning are to place Nature First, as it is the only hostile habitat for sustenance and survivability. Peace, justice and institutions are the strong hold for protecting biodiversity as well as indigenous peoples gifts and the traditional knowledge they uphold for biodiversity conservation, restoration and management. The theme very rightly as peace with nature, provides each of the geographies across the globe and its people to live in harmony or symbiosis so as to maintain homeostasis of our fragile ecosystems and not endanger the planet and its species. COP 17 next year shall be more on getting the national strategies and plan for biodiversity matching with countries global biodiversity targets commitments towards 2030 and 2050. It will be more straightforward in tracking the monitoring and restoration efforts and how equity and equality enabled capacity building shall provide penetrative and tangible benefits. Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms ! Each species is unique in itself, respect cohesion, symbiosis and embrace strategic use of resources is the way forward for each one of us.

Climate change is a topical concern affecting everyone and everything on this planet. Loss of species and habitat is accelerated through inactions and sectoral development without due emphasis on emission reductions. This renders irreparable damage to our hostile planet. The proposed project titled, assemble for Biodiversity and Climate Change Action aims to apply the quantitative and qualitative tools by leveraging Nature Based Solutions Standards for accelerating universal transformative actions regardless of the geographies and infrastructure disparities. More than often rather than system changes, systemic change and design thinking and innovation can resolve and amend the impacts if not mitigate completely. Structured actions rather than disruptive technologies with innate applications of ecosystem based services and nature based solutions works well. A blended approach of nature and science has the answers with upscaling of traditional knowledge with alternative and advanced nature based technology solutions. This project assesses the current market of nature based solutions tools and its applicability and feasibility and accordingly shall set targets and goals in a concise yet structured framework to be applicable and be user defined for countries and entities to align, apply, practice and implement it in their settings

Astore Markhor: (The National Animals of Pakistan) Ahbab Ullah Khan Qureshi BS-V, Dept of FRWM, KIU, Gilgit-Baltistan Astore Markhor (Capra falconeri) is one of the largest and most magnificent members of the Caprinae or goat family and it is the official “National animals of Pakistan” it is belongs to the sub-family Caprinae of the Bovidae family. The word "Markhor" derives from a Persian meaning "snake eater." However, it is primarily believed that it derives from the Pashto words "Mar Akhkar," in which "Mar" means horn and "Akhkar" denotes snake. The Markhor is known as the "Mar Akhkar" because its horns resemble snakes; with time, it changed to Markhor (Robert, 1977). According to reports, Pakistan is home to four different subspecies of Markhor: the Astor Markhor (Capra falconeri), Kashmir or Pir Panjal Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis), Kabul Markhor (Capra falconeri megaceros), and Suleiman Markhor (Capra falconeri jerdoni). Astor Markhor is a herbivorous (grass-eating) animal with (12 to 13) years of life span. The body length/size of the Astore Markhor is (140cm-180cm), the tail length is (8cm - 20cm), and boy weight (20 kg -80kg), and its conservation status is "Near threatened." Astore Markhor population status during lambing season in different conservation community is such that .Jutail sakwar conservancy 88 individuals, DMT 25, Skandarabad 25 ,Bunji 20 ,Doyan 9 , Talichi-Hudur 15 ,Tangir 19 ,Danyor-Jaglot guru 26,and Sassi Haramosh conservancy only 5 individuals were observed. And the population status of Astore Markhor during Rut season is 933 individuals in different conservation community. (Lambing and Rut season survey report 2020-2021). Astore Marhkor's habitat is adapted to mountainous terrain and often consists of scrubby woodlands with a prevalence of Juniper (Juniperus macropoda), Oak (Quercus ilex), Pine (Pinus gerardiana), and other species. Early morning and late afternoon are prime times for the behavior; while it is a grazer in the spring and summer, it turns to browse for food in the winter. The distribution of Astore Markhor includes Skanderbad, Guro, Jutal, Rahimabad, Sultanabad, Danyore, Haramosh, Baghicha-khumra, Bunji, Doyan, and Dashkin conservation community. The range of this species is sparsely forested mountainous regions in the western Himalayas at an elevation of 600-3,600m. Markhor is a gregarious creature that inhabits small herds of females, their offspring, yearlings, and young males. Only when the winter rust season begins in late December do mature males join the herds; otherwise, they live alone outside the herds. Though Markhor is a diurnal and crepuscular mammal, it can sometimes be seen occasionally foraging during the day in the winter. It rarely climbs up the Oak tree to browse, especially in the winter when the ground is either covered in snow or the herbaceous flora has dried out from the extreme cold. Seasons and availability affect food preferences. The female Markhor with straight horns reproduces at around three years, but the flare-horned Markhor female takes two years and gives birth after approximately six months of gestation. Effective wildlife management strategy in many countries of Asia, Africa, and Europe that has resulted in a positive change in local people's attitudes towards wildlife and communities' active involvement in natural resource projects. One of the key successful initiatives is Trophy hunting, which discourages poaching, and the funds it generates are being used for conservation efforts and to improve the socio-economic condition of local communities. Pakistan is a unique country with a wide variety of caprine species and is well known for conserving and protecting sheep and goats. Only Markhor, one of the twelve wild sheep and goat sub-species, is valued as a trophy by game hunters. The destruction of habitat caused by poaching, hunting pressure, increasing competition from domestic goats and sheep, and disease outbreaks from the increased contact with livestock ,and slow reproduction, and genetic isolation continue to negatively impact the Markhor population beyond the protected area,(National parks , wildlife sanctuaries ,Game Reserves, CCHAs), particularly in the community-managed conservation area .

The Science-Policy Briefs and Case Studies are essential pieces to the STI Forum, providing background knowledge to inform discussions, as well as perspectives of the civil society to the High-level Political Forum (HLPF) in July 2024 and the UN Summit of the Future in September 2024. Read at: https://explorer.land/x/project/criculatrifenestrata53224/

The Studies on plants species in Syria and the Middle East began in the mid-seventeenth century, with many researchers examining the flora of the region, starting with the work of Boissier in 1650 and culminating in the comprehensive work of French researcher Paul Mouterde in 1950. Unfortunately, there has been no comprehensive publication in Arabic or by any Syrian researcher on the plant biodiversity in Syria to date. Over the past 20 years, my work as a consultant for natural resource management, along with previous biodiversity projects, has led to a significant accumulation of documents, images, and data on plant species in Syria. We decided to compile this information into an open database accessible to everyone, both to broaden its utility and to contribute to its enrichment and expansion. As mentioned earlier, the first compendium describing plant species in Syria was created in the mid-seventeenth century, followed by a series of works. The last comprehensive flora was compiled by a French researcher between 1945 and 1952, who reviewed and validated previous findings. This work, titled "Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie," was published in three volumes in 1966, 1974, and 1982. However, it primarily includes results from field studies and research conducted in the mid-twentieth century. FSOL initiative focuses on three main tasks: 1. Updating scientific data regarding the accepted international nomenclature and the genetic relationships among the recorded plant species in Syria. 2. Documenting the geographical distribution of these species across the country, identifying the suitable bioclimate for their growth. 3. Providing descriptions in Arabic, which is the most challenging task, requiring significant effort for translation from French or English, as well as fieldwork for photography and documentation. The first version of the www.fsol.net.sy portal was released in February 2007 and included information covering 12 items for each plant species, featuring only 750 species of wild plants that grow in Syria. The second version was released in 2013, increasing the number of species to nearly 1,920 and expanding the species data to cover 16 items. A few months ago, the third version was published, which now covers about 25 items for each plant species and is nearing the inclusion of all registered plant species in Syria, approximately 3,500 plant species. The initiative for "FSOL Syria" has truly become a collaborative effort. Colleagues and friends are now active contributors to enriching the site. Currently, we are in the final stages of completing our first task: updating the database of recorded plant species in Syria in accordance with the accepted scientific names based on internationally agreed-upon indexes. Simultaneously, we are documenting these plant species through descriptions, photographs, and supplementary explanations to help in identification.

Veruschka Dumeni. My mission at COP16 I am in the pool of the many who are ever disappointed by the outcomes of real meaningful action from the COPs. But this one, I decided to give a chance. My aim at COP16 was to bring an awareness, an understanding that land degradation, desertification firstly looks different in different climates, and because of that, context matters. That contextualized solutions are really, really important in avoiding blanketed solutions. As we have seen, there is a handful of solutions over the past 10 years or so that have been lifted as the shining solutions for most of these land degradation problems, but we see that agroforestry does not work in all climates. Some climates do not have enough water resources to support afforestation. And that it may not look like desertification at the beginning, but that bush encroachment can lead to desertification and is a result of desertification. And there I was, along with an esteemed panel, representing the context of Namibia in the topic of land degradation and desertification. And so far, people are waking up, people have woken up. The ‘good’ (not entirely good) thing is there are some other nations that are also suffering from or seeing evidence of bush encroachment as well as alien and invasive species invasion. However, Namibia's scale of encroachment I think really stands out in its sheer extent. Particularly how hard it is to solve it at this stage of its proliferation, amidst the perfect conditions of climate change, which jeopardize restoration efforts. So we were also sending out a warning - if you do not start early enough to observe, monitor, and then manage these signs of bush encroachment and invasive species establishment, then you will find yourself in a thorny-thicket situation such as Namibia. Where it is becoming ever more expensive to deal with this problem, and not just financially, ecologically expensive too. Many of the natural systems that would have helped us implement natural solutions are themselves also being compromised by bush encroachment, such as underground water. Never mind the conundrum that drought and irregular rainfall presents - competitor species and perennial grasses cannot compete. I was glad to see representation of subsaharan African climate and ecological contexts, as well as drylands, savannas and grasslands included in the talks of restoration and soil health. Although, there is certainly much room ground work in comparison. A side event we held on People's Day. Flyer credits: Gardiner Oliver Observations and Impression One of the primary observations at COP16 was that most organizations and smallholder farmers, pastoralists, community project representatives, and youth initiatives, along with larger organizations such as IUCN, WWF, UNDP, WFP, and other scientific institutions, were speaking the same language. This common language emphasized the need to focus on soil regeneration, encourage and enable community-led projects, and prioritize ownership of initiatives by the communities benefiting from them. Additionally, it was recognized that livestock should be part of the regenerative solution rather than being solely blamed for land degradation. As noted by Mr. Patrick Worms, a science policy advisor, "It is not the cow, it is the how." This shared understanding was evident among all attendees of the side events. My overall observation was that individuals from different societal streams, capacities, statuses, industries, and fields of work were largely aligned with the priorities of this COP. Most NGOs, both large and small, and individuals were convinced that land degradation should be addressed through regenerative and restorative solutions that are science-based but also people-led, community-led, and indigenous knowledge-led. Another observation was that many organizations, both big and small, are doing similar work. This is not negative; rather, it is positive because decentralized actions with localized and specific solutions are necessary for addressing the diverse conditions, climates, political situations, and cultural dynamics of different countries, regions, communities, and villages. However, there is a strong need for collaboration to avoid duplicating approaches, techniques and the wasting of resources and time (which is vital). Many lessons have already been learned by certain organizations, individuals, and institutions, but the flow of information, experiences, success and failure stories is not as rapid or deep as it should be. This is of course a great opportunity for meaningful collaboration. Side Events and Youth Presence The side events covered a wide range of topics, including youth in restoration, behavioral change for restoration, investing in soil health in Africa, sustainable management of drylands through soil health, community fundraising, soil and land on agricultural budgets towards promoting regenerative agricultural practices, financing soil health and land restoration for food security and resilience, global movements to scale land and soil regeneration, and sustainably managing drylands soils. The youth presence was admirable, though I attended too few of their events to have major impressions.

The events were enumerable, all delectable topics, often leaving one with the ultimate wish of being in multiple places at once. You can browse the list of topic and events here . As fittingly celebrated in this post by Dr. Leigh Ann Winowiecki, the number of some of the events which highlighted and dove into soil health, fertility and its key role in ecosystem restoration, climate mitigation and regenerative agriculture. The data collection training needed, the land degradation surveillance data needed, and the sharing thereof in usable forms, especially for small holder farmers. Some useful and informative websites whose work is definitely worth getting to know: https://www.herding4health.net/resources/toolkit https://www.ifad.org/en/ https://www.globallandscapesforum.org/about-us/ https://commonland.com/what-we-do/ https://www.cifor-icraf.org/about/about-cifor-icraf/ www.eld-initiative.org https://www.cgiar.org/how-we-work/ https://www.asabrasil.org.br/sobre-nos/historia https://www.unccd.int/news-stories/press-releases/world-drought-atlas-reveals-systemic-nature-hazard-risks-calls-national (Global Drought Atlas downloadable, highly recommend). https://justdiggit.org/ https://www.asabrasil.org.br/ https://www.greenorum.com/articles And these are just a handful of the many. Area of Disharmony While there was a unified voice among attendees, the negotiations told a different story. Negotiations are crucial as they inform consensus on conventions, which guide member nations in implementing their climate pledges, targets, solutions and overall influence relevant industries (point of major contention). They also influence financial contributions of nations and guide the priority areas of climate funding institutions. And yet, decisive terminology on topics such as eliminating harmful subsidies, agreements on drought were met with apprehension and reluctance by some nations. This reluctance is concerning, as it undermines the urgency and collective action needed to address land degradation. This is of course typical among all COPs, and really many bureaucratic large multi-national member organizations, but it was a wakeup call for a first-time attendee. One would think that this conference would be different, and things would be obvious. Why? Because it is focused on solving problems in which nobody truly wins if we do not act to reverse land degradation and stop the causative practices. In fact, it will have human, environmental and economic costs globally, so why not boldly invest in the solutions now? Here you can find all decisions adopted as a result of the tireless negotiations. But many, such as a decision on rangelands and on drought management, were also either thrown out or pushed for COP17, for yet another round of negotiations. Bridging COPs and conventions A recurring question at COP16 was how to integrate the UNCCD with other climate and biodiversity conventions. The key is integrating regenerative practices into each country's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) could bridge these gaps. By doing so, solutions to land degradation can align with broader climate goals and biodiversity conservation efforts. This integration is crucial for creating a cohesive global response to environmental challenges. The climate COP focuses more on financial pledges of nations, and especially the global north. And I think that however many dollars actually come from those financial pledges needs to be funneled through some of the approaches that have come out of the UNCCD. And some of the programs and initiatives that are already on the ground. And it needs to be through the lens of regeneration and restoration, ecology, intersectionality and science -backed techniques. Key Takeaways 1. The conference highlighted the importance of intersectional approaches that consider social, natural, and economic impacts. Additionally, storytelling emerged as a powerful tool for behavior change, making complex issues more relatable and engaging. 2. Behavior changes and restoration efforts need to be incentivized across sectors to achieve scale. Whether with farmers, governments, youth or private sector. This requires not just financial support but also policy frameworks that encourage sustainable practices. 3. Meaningful collaboration and the use of digital innovation to share scientific data in the form of usable tools are super important for maximizing science-backed restoration impact. Researchers and scientists present were therefore agreeing on the need to translate scientific findings into accessible skill-sharing tools, which could significantly enhance on-the-ground practices. 4. While partnerships were formed, my sense was that smaller NGOs often return home with limited financial resources. It remains to be seen if financial access has improved for these organizations, but there is hope that connections made during COP16 will lead to more substantial support in the years to come. So, here is to hoping 2025 calendars are already collecting scheduled calls, meetings and exchanges between the handfuls of exchanged business cards we all left with. 
 Overall, COP16 was inspiring, spirited and encouraging. However, as one expert best voiced to me, the outcomes of COP16 lie in what happens after COP16.

During a school recess, Ahmad pulled out a container of sliced carrots and peeled cucumbers, while his friend Jaber showed off a whole, unpeeled carrot and cucumber. Proudly, Jaber shared, “These are from our farm!” Ahmad replied, “In cartoons, I always see rabbits pulling carrots out of the ground, but never cucumbers!” With a smile, Jaber clarified, “Cucumbers actually hang from the plant; they don’t grow underground.” He added, “It took me some time to pick this big carrot.” Curious, Ahmad asked, “How did you know it was big when it was buried?” Jaber explained, “I gently pull on the leaves. If it comes out easily, it’s too small, so I leave it. Otherwise, I feel the top of the carrot in the soil with my finger to judge its size.” Ahmad looked impressed, struck by his friend’s know-how. This simple dialogue illustrates the difference between a child who grows up close to nature and one whose knowledge is shaped by books or cartoons. Children connected to nature see firsthand how plants grow, understanding what grows above or below ground, the changing seasons, and the work involved in farming. Some grow up around livestock and observe animals in their natural behaviors, not just as pets. Their understanding extends beyond academics; they internalize metaphors and proverbs like “You reap what you sow” with a clarity that may seem vague to those unfamiliar with nature. Studies, such as those led by Dr. Cheryl Charles, reveal that children who spend more time in nature demonstrate stronger problem-solving skills and creativity. The life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also provides a powerful example; his early years herding sheep taught him patience, compassion, and a deep understanding of living beings, experiences that contributed to his later leadership and empathetic dealings with people. Giving our children opportunities to connect with nature provides invaluable life lessons, nurturing deep thinking and resilience that help them face life’s challenges with greater confidence and understanding. *Mona Alalawi President of Environment Citizenship Program Bahrain Women Association for Human Development

This essay, hosted on www.stopecocide.earth/news-events#guest-blog, is part of a series intended as a dedicated space for the many global movements/campaigns confronting ecosystem destruction to share their stories, narratives and perspectives. These are well worth reading. The coral reefs blog was written by Lyndon DeVantier, reef coral ecologist. It is now abundantly clear that the economic, political and legal status quo is failing to prevent the accelerating collapse of the world’s precious, biodiverse reefs. Repeated appeals to the rationality and goodwill of powerful actors, who have the ability to voluntarily prevent climate breakdown and the associated death of coral reefs, have gone unheeded. Ecocide law represents a new enforcement paradigm to deter destruction of reefs and other natural ecosystems. For more detail on the future of coral reefs and potential role of ecocide law, see: What Future for Coral Reefs? Perspective, Reef Encounter The News Magazine of the International Coral Reef Society 38(1): 14-27. https://coralreefs.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/REEF-ENCOUNTER-JUNE-2023-FINAL.pdf Can reef futures be improved by criminalizing ecocide? Reef Encounter The News Magazine of the International Coral Reef Society 38(2): 14-30. https://coralreefs.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/REEF_ENCOUNTER_DEC2023_HRv8.pdf

In a world increasingly aware of its ecological footprint, the importance of sustainability cannot be overstated. As we navigate through the challenges posed by climate change, pollution, and resource depletion, adopting sustainable practices has become essential for both individuals and communities. Understanding Sustainability Sustainability refers to meeting our present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It encompasses a wide range of practices, from reducing waste and conserving energy to promoting biodiversity and supporting local economies. By prioritizing sustainability, we can create a healthier planet for ourselves and future generations. The Three Pillars of Sustainability Environmental Sustainability: Protecting the natural environment is crucial. This involves reducing carbon emissions, conserving water, and preserving ecosystems. Simple actions, such as using public transportation, recycling, and supporting renewable energy initiatives, can significantly impact our environment. Economic Sustainability: Economic practices must be designed to support long-term growth without harming the environment. This includes investing in green technology, supporting local businesses, and encouraging sustainable agricultural practices. Social Sustainability: A sustainable society ensures equitable access to resources and opportunities for all individuals. This means advocating for social justice, education, and community engagement to uplift marginalized voices. At Heal Earth, we are committed to promoting sustainability through education, advocacy, and community engagement. Healing our Earth is a collective effort. By making small changes in our daily lives and supporting initiatives that promote sustainability, we can create a lasting impact. Whether it’s reducing plastic use, conserving energy, or participating in community clean-up events, every action counts. Sustainability is not just a buzzword; it's a necessary approach to living in harmony with our planet. By embracing sustainable practices and supporting organizations like Heal Earth, we can contribute to a healthier, more equitable world. Let’s come together to heal our Earth—one step at a time. www.healearth.co info@healearth.co

Article Topic: Climate justice Written By: Ahbab Ullah Qureshi Climate Change Activities Climate change, driven by human activities, has become one of the most urgent global challenges of the 21st century. In South Asia, Pakistan consistently faces challenges from natural disasters, socioeconomic activities, and the emerging impacts of climate change, including unusual variations in weather conditions. According to the Global Climate Change Risk Index (GCRI), Pakistan ranks as the fifth most vulnerable country to climate change. Climate change is a leading cause of shifting weather patterns globally. The Earth's climate is continuously evolving, with the persistent rise in greenhouse gas levels being the primary driver of this change, resulting in global warming. Global warming is defined as the "continuing and obvious rise in the average temperature of Earth’s climate system due to the greenhouse effect." The climate system includes the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), cryosphere (ice and permafrost), lithosphere (Earth's upper rocky layer), and biosphere (living things). Global warming is one of the foremost causes of changes in climate patterns around the world. The effects of climate change have already resulted in significant global social, economic, and environmental impacts. Pakistan, for example, is currently facing catastrophic flooding that has affected 33 million people, destroyed 1.5 million homes, and caused $2.3 billion in crop losses. Additionally, more than 2,000 km of roads have been damaged, cutting off connections to provinces and major cities. This disaster has driven inflation to a peak of 26%–27% and is threatening a severe food shortage. Recently, Pakistan recorded a temperature of 40°C in several areas, with Jacobabad notably reaching 51°C. High temperatures, melting glaciers, heavy monsoons, severe floods, economic impacts, health issues, agricultural disruption, loss of biodiversity, wildfires, ocean acidification, extreme weather, and rising sea levels are all consequences of climate change. By 2050, the average temperature in Pakistan is predicted to increase by 4.38°C. Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, home to a unique and fragile ecosystem, is highly vulnerable to climate change. The region is experiencing extreme climate events, including flash floods, landslides, and erratic rainfall patterns, exacerbated by rising temperatures and shorter winters. These changes have led to glacier melting, more frequent summer floods, and altered snowfall patterns, resulting in reduced snowfall and changes in timing. Local communities are heavily impacted, as these changes directly affect the region's water supply, leading to decreased productivity in livestock husbandry and agriculture and increased reliance on external food sources. To effectively address the climate crisis in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, a multifaceted approach is necessary, encompassing both short-term and long-term solutions. In the short term, measures such as providing affordable seeds and fertilizers to farmers, maintaining water infrastructure, and ensuring access to food and medicine through domestic and international aid can help alleviate the immediate impacts of climate-related disasters. Additionally, reducing electricity tariffs and provide incentive in flood-affected regions can help ease the burden on the local population. In the long term, strategies such as constructing dams, investing in technology and training, and fostering public awareness about environmental changes are crucial to mitigate the impact of future disasters and navigate the challenges posed by climate change more effectively. climate change is an outcome of the industrial revolution that led to the adoptions of unsustainable pattern of economic growth and prosperity. The beneficiary countries of this revolution were a few countries in the global North, which became rich. They are still enjoying financial growth and control over the world economic system at the expense of the poor countries of the global south. According to the UNDP globally ,10 per cent of the households with the highest per capita emissions contributes 34-45% of global greenhouse gas emissions, while the bottom 50 percent contribute 13-15%. Climate change is negatively impacting poor countries whose contribution to global carbon emission is negligible. for example, Pakistan contribution to carbon emission is less than 10%, but it is declared by German Watch as among the top countries at risk of climate-led disasters. Many climate -led disaster have hit Pakistan in the last five years like Flood in 2022,2023, 2024, heat waves, smog in Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, neighbor cities are high, many accidents are noted in recent years .and glaciers lake outburst Floods (GLOF). According to the World Food program, the following eight countries are Facing severe food crises due to the negative impact of climate change; South Sudan, Madagascar, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, Chad, region that spans across Africa from Atlantic Ocean to the Red sea and includes Burkina, Faso, Niger and Mali, and the Dry Corridor (a region in central America). All of these countries are poor nation and challenges like Food insecurity further deteriorate their economic conditions and create social unrest in these countries. Also, when they are still in the process of healing their economic hit by climate -led distaste, they face another calamity caused by climate change and their political un sustainability lead my problems. Climate changed-led disaster badly hit vulnerable group like women, children, differently -a bled persons, transgender and elderly person. during the financial crises caused by climate change disasters, Women and girl become victims of domestic violence due to tension; crime against women and girls also increase manifold. women do not get appropriate health facilities during a climate-led disaster due to demolished health infrastructure and the diversion of human resources in relief efforts. During an emergency, it is difficult to evacuate differently-abled and elderly persons. Their specific needs and care are ignored. moreover, indigenous communities and who have less role in policy making and decision -making processes face the severe effects of climate change since they mostly depend on natural resources for their livelihood. As the UN high commissioner on human rights has noted, ‘’emerging evidence suggests that the livelihoods and cultural identities of the more than 370 million indigenous peoples of North America, Europe, Latin America Africa, Asia, and the pacific are already under threat.’’ Climate-led disasters make the poor even poorer, and they remain stuck in a vicious cycle of poverty .for example ,due to financial crises caused by climate-led disasters, the poor can no longer afford to send their children to schools.so one opportunity to educate their children to get better jobs is also lost ,and they pushed further in to poverty traps .whereas rich peoples normally have diversified source of earning and savings in multiple forms to resist such calamities and can sustain financial losses . We can Going Green our planet or Mother land, not only involved planting trees. It involved much more. Let us envision a Future being a Youth, Community, Nations, play a pivotal role in shaping policies, Leading, Responsibility and daily duty to make our surrounding environment clean and Forestry so that we can live in a conducive environment or sustainable Futures.

"Future of Nature and Business 2020" Report The report focuses on the economic and environmental impact of biodiversity loss and provides a roadmap for transforming economic systems to be more sustainable and nature-positive. Key Points: 1. The Economic Value of Nature: Natural resources contribute $44 trillion annually, over half of the global GDP. About 1 million species are threatened with extinction due to human activities, impacting agriculture and the economy. 2. Environmental Challenges: Climate Change: Responsible for 11%-16% of biodiversity loss. Three Main Drivers of Risk: Food, land, and ocean use (72% of threatened species). Infrastructure and cities (29%). Energy and extractives (18%). 3. Transitioning to a Nature-Positive Economy: A potential of $10.1 trillion in additional economic opportunities and the creation of 395 million new jobs by 2030. This transformation requires an annual investment of $2.7 trillion in three key sectors. Targeted Sectors: Food, Land, and Ocean Use Sector: Contributes 12% of global GDP and 40% of jobs. Causes 80% of deforestation and agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Can generate $3.6 trillion and create 191 million jobs through: Productive and regenerative agriculture. Sustainable forest management. Reducing food waste. Infrastructure and Cities Sector: Represents 40% of global GDP and 7% of jobs. Responsible for 29% of biodiversity threats. Transitioning could yield $3 trillion and create 117 million jobs by: Developing nature-integrated infrastructure. Designing sustainable urban environments. Improving waste management and recycling. Energy and Mining Sector: Contributes 23% of global GDP and 16% of jobs. Resource consumption has tripled since 1970. Transitioning could generate $3.5 trillion and create 87 million jobs by: Implementing circular economy models. Extracting minerals using eco-friendly methods. Transitioning to clean energy sources. Recommendations: Integrate biodiversity into economic planning. Change production and consumption patterns to reduce environmental impacts. Encourage innovation and investment in nature-based solutions. The report emphasizes the urgent need to transition to economic systems that respect planetary boundaries to ensure sustainable resources and achieve inclusive economic development.

In Karatu, communities can light their homes 💡 and stay safe from dangerous animals 🦁 at night, thanks to WAGA's reliable power solutions ⚡️

WAGA is empowering girls in Pemba Mnazi, Kimbiji 🌟 by providing reliable electricity 💡 for studying at night 📚. With repurposed laptop batteries, we're lighting up futures and breaking barriers to education 🚀.

WAGA ⚡️ transforms discarded laptop batteries into reliable power solutions, bringing sustainable electricity 💡 to rural communities in Tanzania 🇹🇿, turning waste into energy opportunities ♻️.

As Tanzania strives to achieve its sustainable development and climate adaptation goals, its efforts are undermined by a persistent challenge: siloism. This fragmentation between sectors, stakeholders, and policies creates inefficiencies and limits the country’s ability to tackle systemic challenges such as waste management, resource scarcity, and climate change. Despite global and regional commitments, Tanzania’s circular economy and climate adaptation efforts remain fragmented, falling short of their transformative potential. Siloism means the tendency of institutions, organizations, sectors, or stakeholders operating in isolation, without sufficient integration or collaboration. In Tanzania, this manifests as weak linkages between various stakeholders including government agencies, the private sector, development organizations, and community initiatives. The lack of coordination leads to duplication of] efforts, inefficient resource allocation, and the absence of a cohesive strategy. For example, while the Ministry of Environment under the Office of the Vice President champions policies on sustainability, climate resilience, and now circular economy (read waste management), the Ministry of Agriculture focuses on irrigation and climate-resilient farming. The Ministry of Energy emphasizes increasing the renewable energy share in the national energy mix, but these agendas have limited integration under a unified framework. As a result, circular economy opportunities for cross-sectoral synergies—such as converting agricultural waste into bioenergy or integrating water hyacinth removal (from Lake Victoria and L. Tanganyika) with energy generation—are often missed. Circular Economy: A Fragmented Approach Tanzania has significant potential for a thriving circular economy, but siloism has constrained its progress. First and foremost, agricultural waste is limitedly utilized. The country produces an estimated 18 million tons of crop residues annually, much of which is burned or left to decompose, releasing methane and contributing to air pollution (GHG emissions). Initiatives to turn this waste into compost or bioenergy remain small-scale and localized. The missing middle lies in the absence of policies and infrastructure to connect agricultural cooperatives with energy developers and markets for organic fertilizers. Secondly, there are erratic plastic waste management efforts. Despite Tanzania generating approximately 315,000 tons of plastic waste annually, only 12% is recycled. While NGOs like Nipe Fagio and startups like Green WastePro, Ecoact, Arena Recycling, and Zaidi Recyclers have pioneered recycling initiatives, their impact is limited by weak integration with municipal waste management systems and the lack of strong extended producer responsibility (EPR) frameworks. Thirdly, there is limited removal and reuse of water hyacinths. Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika face significant challenges from water hyacinth infestations, which harm biodiversity and fisheries. Efforts to harvest and repurpose the plant into bioenergy or compost are largely uncoordinated, with minimal private sector involvement due to unclear regulatory and financial incentives. Climate Adaptation: Missing the Systems Approach Tanzania’s vulnerability to climate change is evident, with extreme weather events like prolonged droughts and floods threatening food security, water availability, and livelihoods. While various climate adaptation initiatives greatly led by INGOs exist, they often operate in silos, reducing their effectiveness. For instance, a systems approach would integrate agriculture and water resources management. The agricultural sector employs over 65% of the population and contributes about 26% of the country’s GDP. However, only 1.6% of arable land is irrigated. Projects that promote climate-smart agriculture often fail to integrate with water resource management efforts, resulting in limited access to irrigation infrastructure. For example, while climate-resilient seed programs have been promoted by the Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), they are not paired with investments in water storage or irrigation networks, leaving farmers exposed to rainfall variability. Furthermore, despite the government's commitment to expanding renewable energy, particularly for cooking, Tanzania’s electrification rate in rural areas remains below 60%. Biomass constitutes over 85% of the cooking and lighting energy mix (even in big cities like Dar Es Salaam), largely from unsustainable wood fuel. Circular economy principles could bridge this gap by converting agricultural and municipal waste into clean energy, but siloed policies and insufficient private sector engagement hinder the scaling of such initiatives. Lastly, like the proverbial gift that keeps on giving, Tanzania has poor urban resilience and informal settlements. Over 70% of urban Tanzanians live in informal settlements that are particularly vulnerable to climate impacts like flooding. Climate adaptation funds often focus on infrastructure development without integrating community-based resilience efforts or addressing waste management challenges in these areas. Major Gaps  Resource Waste: Tanzania generates over 12 million tonnes of solid waste annually, with collection rates in urban areas below 40%. Without effective waste recovery systems, this waste represents a lost economic opportunity of over $150 million annually in materials and energy potential.  Agricultural Productivity: Climate change has reduced maize yields by 26% in some regions due to drought and erratic rainfall, yet less than 5% of farmers use climate-smart practices such as agroforestry or organic composting.  Funding Gaps: Tanzania requires $500 million annually for climate adaptation but has accessed only $150 million through international funds since 2020, largely due to weak inter-agency coordination and fragmented proposals. Overcoming Siloism: A Path Forward To address siloism and unlock the full potential of circular economy and climate adaptation efforts, Tanzania must prioritize systemic approaches like integrating policy frameworks. This can be done by establishing cross-sectoral committees and task forces to align efforts across ministries and stakeholders. For example, a joint initiative between the Ministry of Agriculture, Energy, and Environment could foster bioenergy projects that utilize agricultural residues. Secondly, the government in partnership with other actors can develop blended financing models for collaboration that incentivize cross-sectoral projects. Climate funds like the Green Climate Fund (GCF) could be leveraged to support integrated initiatives, such as linking sustainable agriculture with renewable energy and waste recovery. This would scale the efforts of other stakeholders like CRDB Bank that have already accessed GCF financing. Siloism can also be overcome by promoting partnerships between the government, private sector, and NGOs to scale innovative circular economy models. For example, water hyacinth removal could be commercialized by engaging private companies in bioenergy production or plastic recycling could be incentivized, and municipals partner with private companies to map plastic generation streams, collections, and hotspots and identify drivers and barriers. This would make plastic waste data readily available at municipal levels thereby enhancing waste management efforts. Also, establishing centralized platforms for data sharing to improve coordination and track progress would greatly reduce siloism. The current practice is that every agency or stakeholder feels that data is theirs to keep and should remain private. Integrated databases could connect waste generators with informal waste pickers, and recyclers or map climate risks across sectors to optimize interventions. Lastly, NGOs, government, and other stakeholders should prioritize community-centric solutions by ensuring that grassroots actors, including cooperatives and informal waste collectors, are included in decision-making processes. Empowering local communities with financial and technical resources can foster ownership and sustainability. As I conclude, Tanzania’s circular economy and climate adaptation efforts are held back by the lack of integration across sectors and stakeholders. Breaking down silos and adopting systemic approaches are essential to realizing the full potential of these initiatives. By fostering collaboration, scaling innovative solutions, and aligning policies, Tanzania can overcome the “missing middle” and build a resilient, inclusive, and sustainable future.

As the global push towards net-zero intensifies, companies are increasingly turning their attention to Scope 3 emissions—the indirect emissions that stem from their value chains. These emissions often account for the lion's share of a company’s carbon footprint, making their management essential to achieving meaningful climate action. Understanding Scope 3 Emissions Scope 3 emissions, defined by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, include all indirect emissions occurring in a company’s value chain. For many organizations, these emissions far exceed Scope 1 (direct emissions) and Scope 2 (indirect emissions from energy use). For instance, Microsoft’s Scope 3 emissions constitute 96% of its total carbon footprint. These figures highlight the pressing need for companies to focus on decarbonizing their supply chains, engaging stakeholders, and adopting sustainable practices. Addressing Scope 3 emissions also aligns with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). Challenges in Measurement and Reporting Managing Scope 3 emissions presents significant challenges, primarily due to: - Data Complexity - Quality and Accuracy - Framework Alignment - Regulatory Compliance Innovative Approaches and Technologies Innovation is playing a pivotal role in overcoming Scope 3 challenges. Companies are leveraging emerging technologies and strategies to enhance their sustainability efforts: - AI and Advanced Analytics - Collaborative Platforms - Industry Initiatives - Demographic Touchpoints Case Studies of Corporate Success Several corporations are leading the way in managing Scope 3 emissions: - Mastercard: By integrating sustainability into its business model, Mastercard achieved economic growth while significantly reducing supply chain emissions. - Unilever: Through its “Sustainable Living Plan,” Unilever has worked extensively with suppliers to promote sustainable practices, cutting emissions across its value chain. The Role of Policy and Regulation The regulatory environment is evolving rapidly, with governments introducing new mandates to accelerate corporate sustainability: - Mandatory Reporting - Carbon Credit Mechanisms - Alignment with Global Standards Future Directions and Recommendations As the corporate world navigates the complexities of Scope 3 emissions, the following strategies can guide organizations toward success: - Integrated Sustainability Strategies - Stakeholder Collaboration - Continuous Innovation - Demographic Considerations How is your organization addressing Scope 3 emissions? Are there innovative approaches or collaborations you believe could shape the future of corporate sustainability? Let’s discuss and drive meaningful change together. #NetZero #Sustainability #ESG #CorporateLeadership #Scope3Emissions #SDGs #TCFD #GRI #BRSR

2024 has been a year defined by passion, resilience, and purpose—a journey that has stretched my voice and #advocacy in the fight for climate justice further than I could have imagined. 📍Transforming #ClimateScience into actionable justice: This year, I poured my energy into storytelling, not just to inform but to inspire real action on pressing climate issues. 📍Empowering women in #ClimateLeadership: Championing the voices of women in governance has been at the heart of my efforts, knowing that their leadership is vital to achieving Africa’s ambitious climate goals. 📍#Stories that matter: I’ve had the privilege of highlighting the resilience of communities facing climate challenges, turning their struggles into powerful calls for collective action. 📍Advancing #ClimateJustice: Bridging the divide between science and policy has been my mission—making complex ideas accessible and actionable for everyone. 📍#Collaboration and impact: This journey would not have been possible without the incredible individuals and organizations committed to sustainability and justice. I am deeply grateful for the opportunity to make a difference and excited for the path ahead as we continue to create meaningful change together. #ClimateJustice #WomenInLeadership #StorytellingForChange #SDG13 #ClimateAction #Sustainability #GenderEquality #SDG5 #ClimateActionActivist

I participated in the African Industrialization Day, where I contributed to discussions and initiatives focused on promoting sustainable industrialization across the African continent. During the event, I highlighted the importance of integrating green technologies and sustainable practices in Africa's industrial growth. My participation aimed to raise awareness about the potential of sustainable industrialization in driving economic growth while protecting the environment. I also discussed the role of innovation and technology in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in relation to environmental sustainability and climate action.

As a participant in the Leaders Youth Foundation, I contributed to an awareness project through the "Shade Initiative," which focuses on promoting environmental awareness and the importance of tree planting to combat climate change. My efforts in this project helped highlight the environmental, social, and economic benefits of expanding green spaces. We reached the semifinals of the competition, which reflects the impact and relevance of the initiative. This experience further strengthened my commitment to sustainability and environmental conservation, and encouraged community engagement in eco-friendly practices.

I had the honor of participating in the UniGreen conference, where I showcased the achievements of Aswan University in the field of sustainable development. The presentation highlighted the university's significant efforts in waste management, renewable energy, water conservation, and promoting sustainability across various sectors. I also emphasized the role of green initiatives in education and research, including student projects and innovative solutions that align with global sustainability goals. This participation reflected Aswan University’s commitment to being a model for sustainable practices and its active role in fostering environmental awareness and development at both the local and international levels.

The Shade Initiative is a community-driven project founded by Ahmed Mahmoud Elsayed, aimed at raising awareness about the importance of tree planting for environmental sustainability. The initiative focuses on combating desertification, reducing heat islands, and promoting green spaces across Egypt. By engaging local communities and stakeholders, Shade contributes to climate resilience and supports Egypt's environmental and sustainable development goals.

The First Eastern Africa Sub-Regional Parliamentarian Meeting on Strengthening Capacity of National Parliaments on Oversight in Climate Action Accountability and Reporting has kicked in Arusha, Tanzania.

🎯 The biological wastewater treatment market was valued at USD 8.7 billion in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 11.1 billion by 2025, growing at 5.1% cagr from 2020 to 2025. 𝗗𝗼𝘄𝗻𝗹𝗼𝗮𝗱 𝗣𝗗𝗙 𝗕𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗲- https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=265752702&utm_source=Linkedin.com-G&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=Guru Biological wastewater treatment uses microorganisms to break down organic pollutants in wastewater. This eco-friendly process relies on bacteria, fungi, or algae to metabolize contaminants, converting them into harmless byproducts like water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. Widely applied in municipal and industrial settings, biological treatment is effective, sustainable, and can include aerobic, anaerobic, or hybrid processes. It reduces environmental impact, promoting safe water reuse and protecting ecosystems. Biological wastewater treatment is a common and effective way to break down organic pollutants in wastewater using microorganisms. It has many benefits, including: ◾ Environmental sustainability: Biological wastewater treatment can reduce the environmental impact of wastewater discharge. ◾ Resource recovery: Valuable resources can be recovered from wastewater. ◾ Renewable energy: Organic matter in wastewater can be converted into biogas, hydrogen, or electricity. ◾ Meeting discharge permit requirements: Biological wastewater treatment can help organizations meet discharge permit requirements. ◾ Reducing sewer surcharges: Biological wastewater treatment can help reduce sewer surcharges. ◾ Simplicity: Biological wastewater treatment technology is efficient and can accommodate any requirement. #BiologicalWastewaterTreatment #WastewaterManagement #CleanWaterSolutions #EcoFriendlyTreatment #SustainableWater #WastewaterInnovation #MicrobialTreatment #ActivatedSludge #WaterQuality #EnvironmentalProtection #WaterTreatmentTech #NutrientRemoval #GreenTechnology #WastewaterIndustry #WaterPurification

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is a technology aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It captures carbon dioxide (CO₂) from industrial processes or power generation, then either utilizes it for products like fuels and chemicals or stores it underground in geological formations. CCUS plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by preventing CO₂ from entering the atmosphere and promoting sustainable practices across various industries. 𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐏𝐃𝐅 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐲- https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=151234843&utm_source=linkedin.com-G&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=Guru-Green Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is a process that captures carbon dioxide (CO2) and either reuses or stores it to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: - 𝐑𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 CCUS can help reduce emissions from power plants and industrial activities. It can also help decarbonize industries that are difficult to decarbonize, such as iron, steel, and chemicals. - 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐥𝐨𝐰-𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐧 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐲𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐧 CCUS can be used to produce low-carbon electricity and hydrogen, which can help decarbonize other activities. - 𝐌𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐲 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞 CCUS can help make the energy supply more diverse and flexible, which can contribute to energy security. - 𝐒𝐚𝐟𝐞 CCUS is safe because CO2 is an inert gas that is not flammable. It is stored in underground geological formations that are carefully selected and tightly sealed. - 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭-𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 CCUS could be a cost-effective way to reduce emissions. The cost of CCS is likely to come down as technology improves. 𝐂𝐂𝐔𝐒 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩𝐬: - Separating and collecting CO2 from emissions - Compressing and transporting the CO2 to a storage site - Injecting the CO2 into secure underground geological formations - Tightly sealing and monitoring the site to ensure safety and health 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞, 𝐔𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 (𝐂𝐂𝐔𝐒) ◆︎ Climate Mitigation ◆︎ Sustainable Utilization ◆︎ Safe Storage ◆︎ Integration Potential ◆︎ Economic Incentives ◆︎ Collaboration and Innovation ◆︎ Regulatory Support 𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐏𝐃𝐅- https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=151234843&utm_source=linkedin.com-G&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=Guru-Green 🎯 The global carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage market size is projected to grow from USD 3.1 Billion in 2022 to USD 12.9 Billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 24.0% during the forecast period. #CarbonCapture #CarbonUtilization #CarbonStorage #CCUS #ClimateChange #SustainableEnergy #GreenTechnology #CarbonReduction #CleanEnergy #EmissionsReduction #ClimateAction #FossilFuelAlternatives #Decarbonization #EnvironmentalSolutions #ClimateMitigation

The Local Conference of Youth took place from the 27-28th of September where a group of young people who are climate champions, eco business owners, and activists, came together to discuss Young voices for change in the Climate action in Eswatini. The country has an immense potential in fully embracing the Green Economy and have young people at the front line being the main drivers to this cause. The LCOY was insightful and we look forward to next year's event #Greenorum #climateaction #climatechange

The 2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference or Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC, more commonly known as COP, will be the 29th United Nations Climate Change Conference – COP29, under the motto “In solidarity with a green world”, will be held in Baku, Azerbaijan. The Conference of the Parties (COP), is held annually, with the Presidency rotating between the five recognised UN regions. This year, Azerbaijan has been selected as the Presidency of the 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29), to be hosted in Baku this November. Azerbaijan has a strong track record of hosting international events and has chosen Baku Stadium as the venue for COP29. To deliver a process that is transparent, impartial and inclusive, the COP29 Presidency has developed a plan based on two mutually reinforcing pillars to enhance ambition and enable action. The UNFCCC website provides more details explaining what COP is, the COP process, the issues under discussion and the multilateral efforts already underway. Further details are available on the UNFCCC website. Event Website https://cop29.az/en